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Engineering
The Science And Engineering Of Materials Textbook Questions And Answers
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brbr,b Chapter: 23 -Problem: 6 /b Write the anodic or cathodic reaction as appropriate for aluminum, germanium and chromium. brbAnswer Preview/b: The first is the anodic reaction in which a metal is ox… brbr,b Chapter: 15 -Problem: 24 /b Explain
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, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 6 >> Write the anodic or cathodic reaction (as appropriate) for aluminum, germanium and chromium.
Answer Preview: The first is the anodic reaction in which a metal is ox…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 24 >> Explain the use of the following processes (use a sketch as needed): (a) Uniaxial compaction and sintering, (b) Hot pressing, (c) HIP, and (d) Tape casting.
Answer Preview: a Used in the manufacture of very dense and tough metals …
, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 10 >> What is the maximum water to cement ratio acceptable for a structure that must have a final compressive strength of at least 5 ksi? Transcribed Image Text: Compressive strength (psi) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0.3 28 days 7 days 3 days 1 day 0.4 0.5 0.6 Water/cement ratio (by weight) 0.7
Answer Preview: Where a DB is fed from the installation origin then the Ze …
, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 18 >> Explain the following terms: (a) Quenching; (b) Tempering; (c) Retained austenite; and (d) Marquenching/martempering.
Answer Preview: a Quenching is a heat treatment process in which a material is rapidly cooled from a …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 8 >> Table 15-4 describes the cubic zincblende structure as a face-centered cubic lattice with a basis of S (0, 0, 0) and Zn (1/4, 1/4, 1/4). Using S as one ion of the basis, give three other equivalent descriptions for the position of the Zn ion. Transcribed Image Text: Structure Name/Lattice and Basis
Answer Preview: Solution The three include i Assign each atom a Cartesian …
, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 53 >> If the area of a photograph measured 7.812 in2 and 23 grains were documented at 250 x magnification, what would the ASTM grain size number (n) be?
Answer Preview: 7 812 in2 250 x n n 0 03204 0 03204 …
, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 35 >> Calculate the electrical conductivity of silicon doped with 1018 cm-3 boron at room temperature. Compare the intrinsic carrier concentration to the dopant concentration.
Answer Preview: The value of the band gap Eg can be obtained by using the …
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 2 >> What do the properties of composite materials depend upon?
Answer Preview: The mechanical properties of composite material…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 31 >> Report on the glass known by the trademark “Gorilla Glass.” Provide a list of the references or websites that you used.
Answer Preview: Which of the following is present in bainite Explanation Bain…
, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 11 >> Determine the amounts of water, cement, and sand in 10 m3 of concrete if the cement–sand–aggregate ratio is 1:2.5:4.5 and the water–cement ratio is 0.4. Assume that no air is entrained into the concrete. The sand used for this mixture contains 4 wt% water, and the aggregate contains 2 wt% water.
Answer Preview: Concrete aggregates are composed of geological materi…
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 59 >> Design an electrical-contact material and a method for producing the material that will result in a density of no more than 6 g/cm3, yet at least 50 vol% of the material will be conductive.
Answer Preview: the drift current density due to the translational forc…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 48 >> What is the lowest temperature at which a mixture of SiO2-Al3O3 could still be completely liquid? Transcribed Image Text: Temperature (°C) 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 SiO? SiO? + Mullite 20 Mullite Mullite + L 40 60 Weight percent Al2O3 Al?O3 Mullite 80 Al?O3
Answer Preview: Step 1 Calculate the melting points of SiO2 and Al3O3 separately The melting point of SiO2 is 1610C …
, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 1 >> Of the metals listed in Table 19-1, which are the most and least conductive? Transcribed Image Text: Material Superconductors Hg, Nb3Sn YBa?Cu3O7-x MgB? Metals Alkali metals Na K Alkali earth metals Mg Ca Group 3B metals Al Ga Transition metals Fe Ni Group 1B metals Cu Ag Au Conductivity (ohm 1. cm
Answer Preview: From the given table the most conductive are Ag an…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 36 >> At 1200°C, list the viscosities of the glasses in Figure 15-18 in centipoise (cP). Transcribed Image Text: Viscosity (poise) 1016 1014, 1012 1010 108 106 10² Temperature (°C) 2000 1500 1200 1000 800 2 Strain point 104-Working temperature Softening temperature 4 Fused silica 6 96% silica Soda-lime Le
Answer Preview: Another major advance in the automobile industry has b…
, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 32 >> Determine the cooling rate for AISI 9310, 4320 and 1080 steels to have the same hardness. (See Figure 13-21.) Transcribed Image Text: Rockwell C hardness 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 4340 8640 9310 1080 10 20 Jominy distance (th of an inch) 4320 1050 30
Answer Preview: The cooling rate fo…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 3 >> State any one application of the following ceramics: (a) Alumina; (b) Silica; (c) barium titanate; (d) Zirconia; (e) Boron carbide; and (f) Diamond.
Answer Preview: At the temperature of about 300 400 C austenite in many steels decompos…
, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 43 >> A fan blade in a chemical plant must operate at temperatures as high as 400°C under rather corrosive conditions. Occasionally, solid material is ingested and impacts the fan. What design requirements would be important? Design a material and its processing for this application.
Answer Preview: The design of the material is such that it can be melted and cast The resulting casting is a …
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 28 >> Why are covalently bonded materials generally less dense than those that are bonded ionically or metallically?
Answer Preview: The difference in density of covalently bonded materials arises from the different contribut…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 34 >> Suppose we just dip a 1-cm-diameter, 10-cm-long rod of aluminum into one liter of water at 20°C. The other end of the rod is in contact with a heat source operating at 400°C. Determine the length of time required to heat the water to 25°C if 75% of the heat is lost by radiation from the bar.
Answer Preview: The work done by the heating source operating at 400C …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 12 >> Plastic deformation due to dislocation motion is important in metals; however, this is not a very important consideration for the properties of ceramics and glasses. Explain.
Answer Preview: The reason that plastic deformation is not a very impor…
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 22 >> The relationship between structure and materials properties can be influenced by the service conditions (environmental conditions). Name two engineering disasters that have had tragic results and why they happened.
Answer Preview: The relationship between structure and mat…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 20 >> The following physical properties are known for a sample: Ww = 50.0 g, ? = 2.170 g/cm3, and true porosity 5 39.0%. Find the bulk density.
Answer Preview: The bulk density W…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 69 >> Calculate and compare the linear densities for the ?100?, ?110?, and ?111? directions in a BCC unit cell. Which direction is the most close-packed (dense)?
Answer Preview: d 1 3 a where a is the length of one catenary and d are the distances from each point on the ca…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 40 >> What design constraints exist in selecting materials for a turbine blade for a jet engine that is capable of operating at high temperatures?
Answer Preview: A turbine blade must be able to withstand high temper…
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 1 >> 1. Provide an example of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based on an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). How is it made?2. How does chain length affect the glasstransition temperature of polymers? Find an equation describing this relationship. 3. Hindered phenolics are common organic antioxidants. For what classes of plastics are they used?
Answer Preview: 1 Polyolefins and thermoplastic elastomers TPE are made by polymerisation of monomer until a homopol…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 55 >> Determine the indices for the planes in the cubic unit cell shown in Figure 3-40. Transcribed Image Text: X 3412 A 12 -B C 32
Answer Preview: The indices for the planes in the cubic unit cell shown in Figure 3 40 are 1…
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 5 >> What is a dispersion-strengthened composite? How is it different from a particlereinforced composite?
Answer Preview: A dispersion strengthened composite is a composite material in which the reinforceme…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 10 >> Write the electronic configuration of the following elements: (a) Tungsten, (b) Cobalt, (c) Zirconium, (d) Uranium, and (e) Aluminum.
Answer Preview: a For Tungsten is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 7 >> Table 15-4 describes the sodium chloride structure as a face-centered cubic lattice with a basis of Cl (0, 0, 0) and Na (1/2, 0, 0). Using Na (0, 0, 0) as one ion of the basis, give three equivalent descriptions for the position of the Cl ion. Transcribed Image Text: Structure Name/Lattice and Basi
Answer Preview: The Cl ion in a face centered cubic lattice with a basi…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 35 >> Magnesium has the hexagonal close– packed crystal structure. The lattice parameters for magnesium are a = 0.32087 nm and c = 0.5209 nm, and the atomic radius is 0.1604 nm(a) What is the number of atoms per unit cell in the hexagonal close–packed structure?(b) Determine the atomic packing factor of the Mg unit cell.(c) Is the c/a ratio for Mg greater than or less than the ideal HCP c/a ratio?Will s
Answer Preview: a The number of atoms per unit cell 2 1 2 0 5209 2 0 32087 2 2 36 b The atom…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 42 >> What type of electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, infrared, visible) is produced when an electron recombines with a hole in pure germanium and what is its wavelength?
Answer Preview: The type of electromagnetic radiation p…
, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 35 >> List the refractory metals by their suitability for cryogenic service.
Answer Preview: 1 Aluminium 2 Beryllium 3 Chromium 4 Co…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 21 >> What type of bonding does KCl have? Fully explain your reasoning by referring to the electronic structure and electronic properties of each element.
Answer Preview: KCl has a high ionization energy a…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 30 >> A 3-cm plate of silicon carbide separates liquid aluminum (held at 700°C) from a water-cooled steel shell maintained at 20°C. Calculate the heat Q transferred to the steel per cm2 of silicon carbide each second.
Answer Preview: The heat Q transferred to …
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 39 >> If a fiber-reinforced composite contains two separate regions of unidirectional fibers and is tested as shown, what would be the formula for the tensile strength?
Answer Preview: Assuming that the unidirectional fibers are orient…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 47 >> Why are Fe-Si alloys used in magnetic applications “grain oriented”?
Answer Preview: Fe Si alloys are used in magnetic application…
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 18 >> Explain what the following terms mean: decomposition temperature, heat distortion temperature, glass-transition temperature, and melting temperature. Why is it that thermoplastics do not have a fixed melting or glass-transition temperature?
Answer Preview: Decomposition temperature Temperature at which a substance breaks dow…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 8 >> In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 200 in.2 with a 0.002-in.-thick layer of nickel: (a) How many atoms of nickel are required? (b) How many moles of nickel are required?
Answer Preview: a If a film of 0 002 in thickness is desired t…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 11 >> If a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure has all of its tetrahedral sites filled with atoms that fit perfectly into each tetrahedral site, what is the atomic packing factor?
Answer Preview: Quenching results in a metal that is very hard but also brittle Gently …
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 5 >> What is the difference between the microstructure and the macrostructure of a material?
Answer Preview: Microstructure of Material Macrostructure of Material Microstructures are mat…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 38 >> A phosphor material with a bandgap of 3.5 eV with appropriate doping will be used to produce blue (475 nm) and green (510 nm) colors. Determine the energy level of the donor traps with respect to the conduction band in each case.
Answer Preview: The energy level of the donor traps with respect to the …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 26 >> Is coercivity of a material a microstructuresensitive property? Is remanance a microstructure- sensitive property? Explain.
Answer Preview: Coercivity of a material is not a microstructure sensitive property Rema…
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 42 >> Design a polymer material and a forming process to produce the case for a desktop computer. What are the design and forming requirements? What class of polymers might be most appropriate? What particular polymer might you first consider? What additional information do you need to know?
Answer Preview: When you hit a ball with a bat or racquet work is …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 11 >> Define the terms lattice, unit cell, basis, and crystal structure.
Answer Preview: Lattices are organized systems that allow for different pairs of anions and cations The a…
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 7 >> Calculate the mass of an electron by using the mass of the Bohr magneton and Planck’s constant.
Answer Preview: The coating is very safe when properly applied to the floor or other sur…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 50 >> Design a silica soda-lime glass that can be cast at 1300°C and that will have an O:Si ratio of less than 2.3 to ensure good glassforming tendencies. To ensure adequate viscosity, the casting temperature should be at least 100°C above the liquidus temperature.
Answer Preview: To design a silica soda lime glass that can be cast at 1300C and has an O Si ratio of less than 2 3 …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 16 >> Determine the crystal structure for the following: (a) A metal with a0 = 4.9489 Å, r = 1.75 Å, and one atom per lattice point; and (b) A metal with a0 = 0.42906 nm, r = 0.1858 nm, and one atom per lattice point.
Answer Preview: a Since the approximate atomic radius is so large the …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 36 >> Calcium tungstate (CaWO4) has a relaxation time of 4 × 10-6 s. Determine the time required for the intensity of this phosphorescent material to decrease to 1% of the original intensity after the stimulus is removed.
Answer Preview: Thermal conductivity is not only affected by changes in thickne…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 3 >> If the gas constant was exactly 1.987 caly(mol·K), what is the percent error in assuming 3R is 6 caly(mol · K)?
Answer Preview: The Beer Lambert law states that there is a linear relationship between the concentration and the …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 91 >> Sketch the ion arrangement of the (110) plane of ZnS (with the zincblende structure) and compare this arrangement to that on the (110) plane of CaF2 (with the fluorite structure). Compare the planar packing fraction on the (110) planes for these two materials.
Answer Preview: The 110 planes of ZnS and CaF2 have different ion arrangements The zincblende …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 45 >> State any two applications of stabilized zirconia ceramics.
Answer Preview: Zirconia ceramics are used as a substitute for glass …
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 22 >> Alumina fibers, 2-cm-long, are incorporated into an aluminum matrix. Assuming good bonding between the ceramic fibers and the aluminum, estimate the thermal stresses acting on the fiber when the temperature of the composite increases 250°C. Are the stresses on the fibers tensile or compressive? The elastic modulus of alumina is 56 x 106 psi.
Answer Preview: The thermal stresses acting on the fiber thermal expansion coefficient volu…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 1 >> State any two applications for which a high thermal conductivity is desirable.
Answer Preview: 1 High thermal conductivity is desired in applications wh…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 19 >> The quality control team in a ceramics processing facility takes a rather large sample of a ceramic coming off the line and weighs the sample when dry, when immersed in water, and after removing it from the water. The weights are 1.589 lb, 1.575 lb, and 1.633 lb, respectively. Find the apparent porosity and the volume of the interconnected pores.
Answer Preview: The apparent porosity …
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 5 >> The myriad materials in the world primarily fall into four basic categories; what are they? What are materials called that have one or more different types of material fabricated into one component? Give one example.
Answer Preview: The four basic categories of myriad materials are 1 Metals 2 Lubricants 3 …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 43 >> Which, if any, of the dielectric materials listed in Chapter 19 would reduce the speed of light in air from 3 × 1010 cmys to less than 0.5 × 1010 cmys?
Answer Preview: The thermal conductivity of a specific material is highly dependent on …
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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 44 >> Database Identification System for Alloys. Write a computer program that will ask the user to input a three- or four-digit code for aluminum alloys (Table 14-3). You will have to ask the user to provide one digit at a time or figure out a way of comparing different digits in a string. This will be followed by a letter and a number (e.g., T and 4). The program should then provide the user with some
Answer Preview: Solution From above the computer program is as follows …
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, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 37 >> The intensity of radiation from a phosphorescent material is reduced to 90% of its original intensity after 1.95 × 1027 s. Determine the time required for the intensity to decrease to 1% of its original intensity.
Answer Preview: Therefore when temperature increases the thermal conduct…
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 46 >> Write a computer program that will calculate the thickness of a coating using different inputs provided by the user (e.g., density and valence of the metal, area or dimensions of the part being plated, desired time of plating, and current).
Answer Preview: The program should first prompt the …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 16 >> The density of Al2O3 is 3.96 g/cm3. A ceramic part is produced by sintering alumina powder. It weighs 80 g when dry, 92 g after it has soaked in water, and 58 g when suspended in water. Calculate the apparent porosity, the true porosity, and the closed porosity.
Answer Preview: We simply find current by dividing an amount of charge by how much time the charge was me…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 92 >> MgO, which has the sodium chloride structure, has a lattice parameter of 0.396 nm. Determine the planar density and the planar packing fraction for the (111) and (222) planes of MgO. What ions are present on each plane?
Answer Preview: Present on each plane are For the 111 Mg plane where O 1 2 because there a…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 30 >> Zinc has the hexagonal close–packed crystal structure. The lattice parameters for zinc are a = 0.26648 nm and c = 0.49470 nm, and the atomic radius is 0.1332 nm. Note that zinc does not have the ideal atomic packing factor. (a) What is the number of atoms per unit cell in the hexagonal close–packed structure? (b) Determine the atomic packing factor of the Zn unit cell. (c) Is the c/a ratio for zin
Answer Preview: a The number of atoms per unit cell Zn c a 6 82 b Zinc has a hexagonal closepacked l…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 18 >> We coat a 100-cm-long, 2-mm-diameter copper wire with a 0.5-mm-thick epoxy insulation coating. Determine the length of the copper and the coating when their temperature increases from 25°C to 250°C. What is likely to happen to the epoxy coating as a result of this heating?
Answer Preview: What is likely to is that the epoxy …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 10 >> What is a ferromagnetic material? What is a ferrimagnetic material? Explain and provide examples of each type of material.
Answer Preview: A ferromagnetic material is one that is attracted to a magnet A f…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 10 >> Approximately how many grains are shown in Figure 3-2(b)? Transcribed Image Text: 100 um (a) (b) Figure 3-2 (a) Photograph of a silicon single crystal. (Petr SobolevliStock/Thinkstock) (b) Micrograph of a polycrystalline stainless steel showing grains and grain boundaries. (Micrograph courtesy of Dr
Answer Preview: Metal solids crystalize in the form of grains The grains are referred to as crystallites which …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 46 >> A tungsten filament is heated with a 12,400 V power supply. What is(a) The wavelength; and(b) The frequency of the highest energy x-rays that are produced?
Answer Preview: A tungsten filament is heated with a 12 400 V power s At a temperature of a…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 14 >> A copper casting requires the final dimensions to be 1 in. x 12 in. x 24 in. Determine the size of the pattern that must be used to make the mold into which the liquid copper is poured during the manufacturing process.
Answer Preview: First we will determine the size of the pattern From problem 1 we can see that we are making a cu…
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 6 >> What is a nanocomposite? How can certain steels containing ferrite and martensite be described as composites? Explain.
Answer Preview: A nanocomposite is a material made up of particles that are smaller than 100 nanometers in …
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, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 43 >> What kind of polymer can be used to line the inside of the head of a hip prosthesis implant? Discuss what requirements would be needed for this type of polymer.
Answer Preview: A polyurethane or silicone elastomer can be used to line t…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 1 >> What is a crystalline material?
Answer Preview: Crystalline materials are grains t…
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 21 >> What are the major differences between ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials?
Answer Preview: The main difference between ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials is that ferr…
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 27 >> Explain briefly how the volume of fiber, fiber orientation, and fiber strength and modulus affect the properties of fiberreinforced composites.
Answer Preview: The volume of fiber fiber orientation and fiber strength and modulus all affect the overa…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 2 >> What is meant by the term structure of a material?
Answer Preview: The structure of a material refers to its molecular and ch…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 57 >> Calculating Power in Decibels. In an optical communications system or electrical power transmission system, the power or signal often is transferred between several components. The decibel (dB) is a convenient unit to measure the relative power levels. If the input power to a device is P1 and the output power is P2, then P2/P1 is the ratio of power transmitted, thus representing efficiency. This r
Answer Preview: Program to calculate the decibels of power transmission between components Input P1 float inp…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 16 >> A block of glass 10-cm-thick with n = 1.5 transmits 90% of light incident on it. Determine the linear absorption coefficient (?) for this material. If this block is placed in water, what fraction of the incident light will be transmitted through it?
Answer Preview: This light also has a wavelength limited to the infr…
, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 42 >> An actuating lever in an electrical device must open and close almost instantly and carry a high current when closed. What design requirements would be important for this application? Design a material and its processing to meet these requirements.
Answer Preview: MATERIAL OF PARTS IN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES Since an actuating lev…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 37 >> What are the different polymorphs of zirconia?
Answer Preview: The three polymorphisms of Zirconia ZrO 2 are exhibited by the influe…
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 38 >> Determine the Pilling-Bedworth ratio for the following metals and predict the behavior of the oxide that forms on the surface. Is the oxide protective, does it flake off the metal, or is it permeable? Transcribed Image Text: Mg-MgO Na-Na?O Ti-TiO? Fe-Fe?O3 Ce-Ce2O3 Nb-Nb?05 W-WO3 Oxide Density (g/cm
Answer Preview: Sulphurous acid H2SO3 has Ka1 1 7 10 2 and Ka2 6 4 10 8 To …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 20 >> A glass fiber (n = 1.5) is coated with Teflon. Calculate the maximum angle that a beam of light can deviate from the axis of the fiber without escaping from the inner portion of the fiber.
Answer Preview: According to Bohr s theory every shell of an atom co…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 72 >> Calculate and compare the linear densities for the {100}, {110}, and {111} planes in an FCC unit cell. Which plane is the most densely packed?
Answer Preview: density plane density in 100 plane is 0 5 density in 110 plane is density i…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 9 >> If a face-centered cubic crystal structure has all of its tetrahedral sites filled with atoms that fit perfectly into each tetrahedral site, what is its atomic packing factor?
Answer Preview: When these heated parts are quenched their internal crystal structure changes again and that volum…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 41 >> Calculate the theoretical density of the three polymorphs of zirconia. The lattice constants for the monoclinic form are a = 5.156, b = 5.191, and c = 5.304 Å, respectively. The angle b for the monoclinic unit cell is 98.9°. The lattice constants for the tetragonal unit cell are a = 5.094 and c = 5.304 Å, respectively. Cubic zirconia has a lattice constant of 5.124 Å. Each unit cell contains four
Answer Preview: The theoretical density of the three polymorphs of zirconia Density …
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 45 >> Design the materials for the scraper blade for a piece of earthmoving equipment.
Answer Preview: The scra per blade for a piece of earth moving equipment should …
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 41 >> Design a polymer material that might be used to produce a 3-in.-diameter gear to be used to transfer energy from a lowpower electric motor. What are the design requirements? What class of polymers (thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers) might be most appropriate? What particular polymer might you first consider? What additional information concerning the application and polymer properties do you
Answer Preview: a The design requirements include 1 The gear must transfer energy at least 50 efficiently in a very …
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 29 >> Materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) are used for grinding and polishing applications. Rationalize the choice of these materials for this use.
Answer Preview: Silicon which is the fundamental material for all semicondu…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 28 >> What is the principle of energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA)?
Answer Preview: Energy dispersive x ray analysis is a laboratory tec…
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 15 >> Estimate the magnetization that might be produced in an alloy containing nickel and 70 at% copper, assuming that no interaction occurs.
Answer Preview: Estimate the magnetization produced in an alloy containing nickel and 7…
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 42 >> Explain briefly how boron and carbon fibers are made.
Answer Preview: B or on fibers are made by first converting b or on oxide into b or on hal ides The b …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 2 >> What are some of the typical characteristics of ceramic materials?
Answer Preview: High hardness High elastic modulus Lo…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 15 >> The periodic table of elements can help us better rationalize trends in properties of elements and compounds based on elements from different groups. Search the literature and obtain the coefficients of thermal expansion for the elements from Group 4B. Establish a trend and see if it correlates with the melting temperatures and other properties (e.g., bandgap) of these elements.
Answer Preview: The trend is as follows i Antimony Lead Bismuth ii Melting point Bismuth 315 K Lead 327 K Antimony 3…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 1 >> State the definitions of refractive index and absorption coefficient. Compare these with the definitions of dielectric constant, loss factor, Young’s modulus, and viscous deformation.
Answer Preview: After 5 time periods a capacitor charges up to over 99 of …
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 3 >> For what electrical and optical applications are polymers used? Explain using examples.
Answer Preview: In the electrical field polymers are used for insulation coatings and adhesi…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 1 >> What is meant by the term composition of a material?
Answer Preview: Composition of a material is a combination of elements that make …
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 27 >> Is the thermal conductivity of materials a microstructure-sensitive property? Explain.
Answer Preview: The thermal conductivity of materials is a microstructure sensitive prope…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 21 >> A beam of light in water reflects off of a polished germanium sphere. What is its reflectivity?
Answer Preview: There is no definitive answer to this qu…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 45 >> Draw a typical heat-treatment profile encountered in the processing of glassceramics.
Answer Preview: This is a typical heat treatment profile encountered in the processing of glass cer am ics In genera…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 38 >> A number of metals undergo an allotropic transformation from one crystal structure to another at a specific temperature. There is generally a volume change that accompanies the transformation. What is the practical significance of such data?
Answer Preview: The practical significance of such data is that the alloy is an allotr…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 41 >> Which, if any, of the semiconducting compounds listed in Chapters 19 and 21 are capable of producing an infrared laser beam?
Answer Preview: Resonant infrared lasers are typically made from compound semic…
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 19 >> If you were given a material and were asked to determine whether it is crystalline or amorphous, how would you determine it?
Answer Preview: To identify whether something is crystalline or amorphous loo…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 56 >> Design a method, based on a material’s refractive characteristics, that will cause a beam of photons originally at a 2° angle to the normal of the material to be displaced from its original path by 2 cm at a distance of 50 cm from the material.
Answer Preview: Water Water is one of the best choices for liquid cooling applications due …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 29 >> Thoria or thorium dioxide can be described as an FCC lattice with a basis of Th (0, 0, 0) and O (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) and O (1/4, 1/4, 3/4). Thorium and thorium dioxide are radioactive materials. Thorium dioxide is commonly used in tungsten electrodes for arc welding. Thoria improves the high temperature properties of the electrodes and promotes emission of electrons from the electrode tip. (a) How many
Answer Preview: a There are 2 atoms of O 1 2 1 2 1 2 in the conventional u…
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 24 >> What factors influence the crystallinity of polymers? Explain the development and role of crystallinity in PET and nylon.
Answer Preview: Polymer crystallinity is influenced by a variety of factors such as …
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 48 >> Name at least four allotropes of carbon. Why is graphite electrically conductive while diamond is not if both are pure forms of carbon?
Answer Preview: Four allotropes of carbon are 1 Diamond 2 Graphite layers of crystallin…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 26 >> Thermal conductivity of most ceramics is low. True or False? Explain.
Answer Preview: Thermal conductivity of most ceramics is low This statemen…
, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 25 >> In a fiber-reinforced composite, what is the role of the matrix?
Answer Preview: The primary functions of the matrix are to transfer stresse…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 50 >> Describe the technological significance of each of the allotropes of carbon discussed in this section. What is the enabling materials property of each allotrope?
Answer Preview: Diamond Diamonds have the hardest known material on Earth making them ideal for abrasives …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 29 >> What is fluorescence? What is phosphorescence?
Answer Preview: F lu orescence is a type of lum ines cence where …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 1 >> What are the primary types of atomic bonds in ceramics?
Answer Preview: Martempering is also known as stepped quenching or interrupted quenching In this process steel i…
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 13 >> What properties should an engineer consider for a total knee replacement of a deteriorated knee joint with an artificial prosthesis when selecting the materials for this application?
Answer Preview: Minimize weight wear time and cost Further The ideal material …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 51 >> Suppose we replace 10% of the Fe2+ ions in magnetite with Cu2+ ions. Determine the total magnetic moment per cubic centimeter.
Answer Preview: The governing equation for capacitor design is C A d In this equation C is capacitance is permitti…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 85 >> Using the ionic radii given in Appendix B, determine the coordination number expected for the following compounds: (a) Y2O3 (b) UO2 (c) BaO (d) Si3N4 (e) GeO2 (f) MnO (g) MgS (h) KBr
Answer Preview: a Y2O3 is an ionic compound having a coordination number CN of 4 b The ionic radius of O is 58 pm and the radius of U is 140 pm so the coordination nu…
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 10 >> Revisit Example 16-5. What are the degrees of polymerization for the weight average and number average molecular weights?Example 16.5We have a polyethylene sample containing 4000 chains with molecular weights between 0 and 5000 g/mol, 8000 chains with molecular weights between 5000 and 10,000 g/mol, 7000 chains with molecular weights between 10,000 and 15,000 g/mol, and 2000 chains with molecul
Answer Preview: a Since each molecule has a weight of 1000 g we have 4000 x 1…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 17 >> Plot the melting temperatures of elements in the 4A to 8–10 columns of the periodic table versus atomic number (i.e., plot melting temperatures of Ti through Ni, Zr through Pd, and Hf through Pt). Discuss these relationships, based on atomic bonding and binding energies: (a) As the atomic number increases in each row of the periodic table and (b) As the atomic number increases in each column of th
Answer Preview: a As the atomic number increases in each row of the periodic table the melting temperature of the el…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 38 >> A chemical-reaction vessel contains liquids at a temperature of 680°C. The wall of the vessel must be constructed so that the outside wall operates at a temperature of 35°C or less. Design the vessel wall and appropriate materials if the maximum heat transfer is 6000 calys.
Answer Preview: The thermal conductivity of a specific material is highly dependent on …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 27 >> Is saturation magnetization of a material a microstructure-sensitive property? Explain.
Answer Preview: For some purposes it is more important to know how a mate…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 79 >> In an FCC unit cell, how many d111 are present between the (0, 0, 0) point and the (1, 1, 1) point?
Answer Preview: Six d111 planes are present between the 0 0 0 point and the 1 1 1 point In an FCC unit cell there ar…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 2 >> State any two applications for which a low thermal conductivity of a material is desirable.
Answer Preview: glass and PTFE Highly transparent materials like glass and PTFE requi…
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 14 >> Write one paragraph about why singlecrystal silicon is currently the material of choice for microelectronics applications.Write a second paragraph about potential alternatives to single-crystal silicon for solar cell applications. Provide a list of the references or websites that you used. You must use at least three references.
Answer Preview: a The reason why singlecrystal silicon is currently the material of choice for microelectronics applications is because silicon has an indirect bandga…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 39 >> Design a metal panel coated with glass enamel capable of thermal cycling between 20°C and 150°C. The glasses generally available are expected to have a tensile strength of 5,000 psi and a compressive strength of 50,000 psi.
Answer Preview: Of all metals silver has the highest electrical conductivity Current…
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 2 >> Explain the following statement: “Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as a nonmagnetic material.”
Answer Preview: There are three key financial statements managers should know how to …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 98 >> Figure 3-45 shows the results of an x-ray diffraction experiment in the form of the intensity of the diffracted peak versus the 2u diffraction angle. If x-rays with a wavelength of 0.15418 nm are used, determine(a) The crystal structure of the metal; (b) The indices of the planes that produce each of the peaks; and (c) The lattice parameter of the metal.
Answer Preview: ANSWER Step 1 Metal s lattice parameter is its physical size The shape of the crystal lattice is de…
, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 5 >> What do the terms condensation polymerization, addition polymerization, initiator, and terminator mean?
Answer Preview: Condensation polymerization is a type of free radical polymerization proce…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 49 >> Determine the Miller indices of the directions for the following points: (a) From (1, 0, 2) to (2, 4, 1); (b) From (2, 1, 3) to (5, 4, 2); and (c) From (3, 1, 3) to (9, 1, 5).
Answer Preview: a 1 0 2 to 2 4 1 0 180 270 …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 53 >> What material is used to make most optical fibers? From what material is the cladding made? What material is used to enhance the refractive index of the core?
Answer Preview: Most optical fibers are made of silica Th…
, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 18 >> We say that copper can contain up to 40% Zn or 9% Al and still be single phase. How do we explain this statement in view of the phase diagram for the Cu-Zn system? Transcribed Image Text: Temperature (°C) 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 ? ? B L Y E 0 200 100 0 Cu 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Zn
Answer Preview: My explanation is that copper is able to contain up to 40 Zn or 9 Al and still be singl…
, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 13 >> What are the characteristic microstructural features associated with ductile fracture?
Answer Preview: The characteristic features of ductile frac…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 6 >> Why is the refractive index of ice smaller than that of water?
Answer Preview: The refractive index of ice is lower than the refractive in…
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 21 >> Explain why ceramics typically are processed as powders. How is this similar to or different from the processing of metals?
Answer Preview: Ceramics typically are processed as powders because they have a h…
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 24 >> The type of jet engine used on most large commercial aircraft is called a turbofan jet engine because it has a large wheel at the front of the engine that propels air rearward. Most of this air bypasses the engine, but bypass air significantly increases thrust and efficiency of these engines. Some engine manufacturers are now using carbon fiber-epoxy composites rather than traditional aluminum bla
Answer Preview: a The materials properties include i Strength ii Tough…
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 6 >> Define “plastic deformation” and compare it to “elastic deformation.”
Answer Preview: Elastic deformation is the deformation that disappears u…
, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 59 >> We would like to produce a 100-ohm resistor using a thin wire of a material. Design such a device.
Answer Preview: What is the capacitance of a capacitor that stores …
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 1 >> Define materials science and engineering (MSE).
Answer Preview: MSE is defined as the branch of engineering that deals with the physical and chemical properties o…
, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 2 >> What do the terms “primary” and “secondary” processing mean?
Answer Preview: Primary processing is the conversion of raw ma…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 10 >> A 200 g sample of aluminum is heated to 400°C and then quenched into 2000 cm3 of water at 20°C. Calculate the temperature of the water after the aluminum and water reach equilibrium. Assume no heat loss from the system.
Answer Preview: 1 Heat from the aluminum to water heat transf…
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, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 29 >> Draw the b-cristobalite unit cell when viewed from the [100] and [110] directions.
Answer Preview: Cristobalite is a silica polymorp…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 23 >> Calculate the fraction of bonding of MgO that is ionic.
Answer Preview: MgO 2 2 02 t MgO t 1 18 The molar mass of magnesium oxide is 2 02 g …
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 19 >> List only the pure elements of the galvanic series in seawater from cathodic to anodic in Table 23-2. Transcribed Image Text: Active, Anodic End Noble, Cathodic End Magnesium and Mg alloys Zinc Galvanized steel 5052 aluminum 3003 aluminum 1100 aluminum Alclad Cadmium 2024 aluminum Low-carbon steel C
Answer Preview: only the pure elements of the galvanic series in seawater from A metal or alloy is arr…
,
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 7 >> What is strain rate? How does it affect the mechanical behavior of polymeric and metallic materials?
Answer Preview: Strain rate is the deformation in a given volume of …
, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 61 >> Design an epoxy-matrix composite that has a modulus of elasticity of at least 35 x 106 psi and an electrical conductivity of at least 1 x 105 ohm-1 · cm-1.
Answer Preview: Each substance will have a different mass so when the …
, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 43 >> How is a glass-ceramic different from a glass and a ceramic?
Answer Preview: Glass ceramics are a type of glass that is made with a ceramic …
,
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 63 >> Plot the Charpy V-notch data below for commercial steel. Label the upper and lower energy shelves on your plot. Would you recommend this steel for service conditions below 10°C ? Explain. Transcribed Image Text: Temperature (°C) Impact Energy (J) 50 75 40 75 30 70 20 58 10 37 24 15 10 4 0 -10 -20 -3
Answer Preview: Plot the Charpy V notch data below for commercial steel Label the upper and lower en…
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 19 >> Is the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials constant? Explain.
Answer Preview: Magnetic permeability permeability of ferromagnetic or ferrimagneti…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 102 >> You want to design a material for making kitchen utensils for cooking. The material should be transparent and withstand repeated heating and cooling. What kind of materials could be used to design such transparent and durable kitchen-ware?
Answer Preview: The material to be used is a transparent plate with a thick…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 75 >> Determine the repeat distance, linear density, and packing fraction for HCP magnesium in the [2110] direction and the [1120] direction. The lattice parameters for HCP magnesium are given in Appendix A.
Answer Preview: The repeat distance …
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 41 >> Consider the requirements of a low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, good mechanical strength, and high thermal conductivity for electronic packaging substrates. What materials would you consider?
Answer Preview: In SI units thermal conductivity is expressed in watts per meter kelvin whereas in imperia…
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 62 >> The elastic modulus and hardness of MgO are determined to be 306 GPa and 9.2 GPa, respectively, using nanoindentation testing with a diamond tip. The Poisson’s ratio of the MgO is 0.17. The maximum load is 150 mN at this particular indentation depth. Determine the contact stiffness S. Take ? = 1.
Answer Preview: S 10000 150 40000 1 300…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 15 >> An aluminum casting is made using the permanent mold process. In this process, the liquid aluminum is poured into a gray cast iron mold that is heated to 350°C. We wish to produce an aluminum casting that is 15 in. long at 25°C. Calculate the length of the cavity that must be machined into the gray cast iron mold.
Answer Preview: The length of the c…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 27 >> Sodium has the body–centered cubic crystal structure and a lattice parameter (axial length) of 4.2906 x 10-8 cm. (a) Calculate the mass density (g/cm3) for sodium. (b) Calculate the atomic radius of a sodium atom according to the hard sphere model of the BCC crystal structure.
Answer Preview: a Mass density of sodium 3 2 g cm3 b Atomic radius of sodium relative to the …
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 49 >> Figure 21-18 shows the results of an x-ray fluorescence analysis in which the intensity of x-rays emitted from a material is plotted relative to the wavelength of the x-rays. Determine(a) The accelerating voltage used to produce the exciting x-rays; and(b) The identity of the elements in the sample. Transcribed Image Text:
Answer Preview: a The accelerating volta…
, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 25 >> Your boss asks you to calculate the design stress for a brittle nickel-aluminide rod she wants to use in a high-temperature design where the cylindrical component is stressed in tension. You decide to test rods of the same diameter and length as her design in tension to avoid the correction for the effective area (or effective volume in this case). You measure an average stress of 673 MPa and a We
Answer Preview: The design stress in MPa if 99 999 entails i a Weibull exponent m 3 ii a Weibull modulus m 6…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 2 >> What is Snell’s law? Illustrate using a diagram.
Answer Preview: A fully discharged capacitor maintains zero volts across its term…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 103 >> Table 3-1 contains formulas for the volume of different types of unit cells. Write a computer program to calculate the unit cell volume in the units of Å3 and nm3. Your program should prompt the user to input the (a) Type of unit cell, (b) Necessary lattice constants, and (c) Angles. The program then should recognize the inputs made and use the appropriate formula for the calculation of unit cell
Answer Preview: ANSWER Python program that calculates the unit cell volume based on user inputs for the crystal syst…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 7 >> Why do some materials assume an amorphous structure?
Answer Preview: In condensed matter physics and materials science an …
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 52 >> What controls the strength of ceramics and glasses?
Answer Preview: Thermal expansion coefficient Thermal expansion coef…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 4 >> In older references in the English language, you may find the specific heat in units of BTUy(lbm · °R), where BTU is the British thermal unit, lbm is pounds, and °R is degrees Rankine. Look up the conversion factors for these units and determine what the specific heat of water is in these units.
Answer Preview: You can use conversion factors for units 1 BTU 252 4J mol K 1 kg m 9 80665m s2 and 1 R 459 67 J …
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 36 >> Aluminum and silicon are side by side on the periodic table. Compare the melting temperatures of the two elements and explain the difference in terms of atomic bonding.
Answer Preview: Aluminum melts at 660 7 degrees Celsius and silicon melts at 1311 6 degrees Celsius This means …
, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 12 >> Of the ferrous elements, which has the lowest undercooling required for homogeneous nucleation? Does this have any practical significance?
Answer Preview: Iron has the lowest undercooling required for homogeneou…
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 43 >> The drilling platforms for offshore oil rigs are supported on large steel columns resting on the bottom of the ocean. Design an approach to ensure that corrosion of the supporting steel columns does not occur.
Answer Preview: There are many ways to prevent corrosion of offshore …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 82 >> What are the coordination numbers for octahedral and tetrahedral sites?
Answer Preview: Coordination numbers refer to how …
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 80 >> What are the stacking sequences in the FCC and HCP structures?
Answer Preview: The most common example of stacking faults is found in close …
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 3 >> A gray cast iron pipe is used in the natural gas distribution system for a city. The pipe fails and leaks, even though no corrosion noticeable to the naked eye has occurred. Offer an explanation for why the pipe failed.
Answer Preview: There are many possible explanations for why the pipe failed One p…
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 44 >> Why is it that we often conduct a bend test on brittle materials?
Answer Preview: In order to check the strength of brittle materials the be…
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 8 >> Define the following terms: magnetic induction, magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic permeability.
Answer Preview: Magnetic induction The production of a magnetic field in a material in response to an appl…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 32 >> One particular form of boron nitride (BN) known as cubic boron nitride is a very hard material and is used in grinding applications. Calculate the fraction of the bonding that is covalent in this material.
Answer Preview: The fraction of the bonding that is coval…
, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 34 >> A phosphorescent material has a relaxation time of 75 s. What intensity will it have at exactly 75 seconds after the removal of the energy source?
Answer Preview: Anyone who has walked on a hot sunny beach knows that sand is a g…
, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 21 >> Suppose that solid nickel was able to nucleate homogeneously with an undercooling of only 22°C. How many atoms would have to group together spontaneously for this occur? Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.
Answer Preview: For a solid of the above composition the lattice parameter is 0 356 nm in the …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 28 >> Can the same material have different hysteresis loops? Explain.
Answer Preview: The same material can have different hysteresis loops bu…
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 13 >> Using the Aufbau Principle, what is the expected electronic configuration of the hypothetical element with atomic number Z = 123?
Answer Preview: 123 would have the electronic configuration Kr 4s4p6d7s2 In this configuration the first t…
, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 24 >> Turbochargers Are Us, a new start-up company, hires you to design their new turbocharger. They explain that they want to replace their metallic superalloy turbocharger with a high-tech ceramic that is much lighter for the same configuration.Silicon nitride may be a good choice, and you ask Ceramic Turbochargers, Inc. to supply you with bars made from a certain grade of Si3N4. They send you 25 bars
Answer Preview: All data in excel format up to strength calculation Part number Width mm Thichness mm Load N Moment M MOI Y Strength 1 6 02 3 99 2510 25100 31 86647 1 …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 52 >> Suppose that the total magnetic moment per cubic meter in a spinel structure in which Ni2+ ions have replaced a portion of the Fe2+ ions is 4.6 x 105 Aym. Calculate the fraction of the Fe2+ ions that have been replaced and the wt% Ni present in the spinel.
Answer Preview: Knowing C find the charge stored by solving the equation …
, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 52 >> Turbine blades used in jet engines can be made from such materials as nickel-based superalloys. We can, in principle, even use ceramic materials such as zirconia or other alloys based on steels. In some cases, the blades also may have to be coated with a thermal barrier coating to minimize exposure of the blade material to high temperatures. What design parameters would you consider in selecting a
Answer Preview: a The design parameters I would consider include i the operati…
, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 31 >> A sheet of 0.01 in. polyethylene is sandwiched between two 3 ft × 3 ft3 0.125 in. sheets of soda-lime glass to produce a window. Calculate (a) The heat lost through the window each day when the room temperature is 25°C and the outside air is 0°C (b) The heat entering through the window each day when the room temperature is 25°C and the outside air is 40°C.
Answer Preview: a Heat loss through window Q A T d 0 01 in polyethylene Heat e…
, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 28 >> Explain the difference between hardenability and hardness. Explain using a sketch how hardenability of steels is measured.
Answer Preview: Hard ness is a measure of a material s resistance to indent ation while hard …
, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 15 >> Assume that instead of a spherical nucleus, we have a nucleus in the form of a cube of length x. Calculate the critical dimension x* of the cube necessary for nucleation. Write an equation similar to Equation 9-1 for a cubical nucleus, and derive an expression for x* similar to Equation 9-2. Transcribed Image Text:
Answer Preview: The cube is too small for nucleation so x should be greater than 2 …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 12 >> Derive the equation ?r = 1 + xm using Equations 20-4 through 20-7. Transcribed Image Text: B = ?H (20-4)
Answer Preview: No retained earnings is not a current asset …
, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 7 >> What is a ceramic, and what are some of the properties that you expect from a ceramic?
Answer Preview: Ceramic is a type of inorganic nonmetallic solid material tha…
, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 21 >> Write the anode and cathode half-cell reactions caused by the precipitation of chromium carbide from austenitic stainless steels.
Answer Preview: The an ode half cell reaction is 2 Cr 3 C Cr 3 C 2 The cath …
, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 27 >> Define ausforming and explain its purpose.
Answer Preview: Ausforming also known as low and high temperature th…
, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 30 >> A 2-cm-diameter, 20-cm-long bar of an acetal polymer (Figure 7-28) is loaded on one end and is expected to survive one million cycles of loading, with equal maximum tensile and compressive stresses, during its lifetime. What is the maximum permissible load that can be applied? Transcribed Image Text:
Answer Preview: The maximum permissible load that …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 57 >> Design a permanent magnet that will have a remanance of at least 5000 gauss, that will not be demagnetized if exposed to a temperature of 400°C or to a magnetic field of 1000 oersted, and that has good magnetic power.
Answer Preview: Maximum Voltage Every capacitor has a maximum voltage …
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, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 6 >> What is an amorphous material?
Answer Preview: What is amorphous material Amorphous mate…
, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 35 >> A standard 0.505-in.-diameter tensile bar was machined to a 2.00-in.-gage length from a copper-nickel alloy and the following data were collected:After fracture, the gage length was 2.75 in. and the diameter was 0.365 in. Plot the engineering stress strain curve and calculate (a) The 0.2% offset yield strength; (b) The tensile strength; (c) The modulus of elasticity; (d) The % elongation; (e) The
Answer Preview: Solution a 0 2 offset yield strength ys 1 77 x 10 psi b …
, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 3 >> Normally, we disregard the magnetic moment of the nucleus. In what application does the nuclear magnetic moment become important?
Answer Preview: The nuclear magnetic moment is important in nuclear magnet…
, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 43 >> Monoclinic zirconia cannot be used effectively for manufacturing oxygen sensors or other devices. Explain.
Answer Preview: Monoclinic zirconia cannot be used effectively for manufacturing oxygen sensors or other …
Additional Information
Book:
The Science And Engineering Of Materials
Isbn:
ISBN: 9781305076761
Edition:
7th Edition
Author:
Authors: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Image:
600461d2dca44_2101.jpg
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