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Chapter: 13 -Problem: 32 >> Many cognitively demanding jobs (e.g., air traffic controller, radar/sonar operator) require efficient processing of visual information. Researchers at Georgia Tech investigated the variables that affect the reaction time of subjects performing a visual search task (Human Factors, June 1993). College students were trained on microcomputers with one of two methods: continuously consistent or adjust
Answer Preview: a The factors involved in the experiment are Training method continuously consistent or adjusted consistent Practice session 6 different sessions Task consistency 4 levels 100 67 50 or 33 b For each f…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 44 >> Find r and r2. Find the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination for the sample data of each of the following exercises. Interpret your results.a. Exercise 10.7    b. Exercise 10.8                c. Exercise 10.9              d. Exercise 10.10  e. Exercise 10.11f. Exercise 10.12g. Exercise 10.13h. Exercise 10.14i. Exercise 10.15
Answer Preview: a. Exercise 10 7 r = 0 89 and r2 = 0 79. The correlation coefficient is 0 89, which indicates a strong positive correlation between the two variables. …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 9 >> Refer to the randomized block design setup to compare the mean costs estimated by four DOT engineers, Examples 13.2 and 13.3.a. Write the model for each observation of estimated cost y for engineer B. Sum the observations to obtain the average for engineer B.b. Repeat part a for engineer D.c. Show that (y?B - y?D) = ?2 + (??B - ??D) Note that the ?’s for blocks cancel when computing this differenc
Answer Preview: a In a randomized block design the model for each observation of estimated cost y for engineer B can …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 74 >> Refer to the Journal of Food Engineering (Sep., 2013) study of the characteristics of sweet potato chips fried at different temperatures, Exercise 7.75. Recall that a sample of 6 sweet potato slices were fried at 130º using a vacuum fryer and the internal oil content (gigagrams) was measured for each slice. The results were: y?  = .178 g/g and s = .011 g/g.a. Conduct a test of hypothesis to determ
Answer Preview: a. The null hypothesis is H0: = .1 and the alternative hypothesis is Ha: .1. We will conduct a on…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 17 >> Why is replication important in a complete factorial experiment?
Answer Preview: When studies are replicated and achieve the same or similar results …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 48 >> Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test data for new cars. In Exercise 5.38, you assumed that the driver’s head injury rating is approximately normally distributed. Apply the methods of this chapter to the data saved in the CRASH file to support this assumption. Data from Exercise 5.38Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash t
Answer Preview: The objective of the study was to determine differences between the United States based NASS and CIREN and Australia based ANCIS databases in occupant crash and vehicle related parameters for AIS 4 he…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 50 >> Refer to the IEICE Transactions on Information & Systems (Jan. 2005) comparison of two methods of testing electronic circuits, Exercise 7.52. Each of 11 circuits was tested using the standard compression/depression method and the new Huffman based coding method, and the compression ratio recorded. The data are reproduced in the accompanying table. In theory, the Huffman coding method will yield a
Answer Preview: To test the theory that the Huffman coding method yields a smaller mean compression ratio than the standard compression/depression method, we can perform a statistical hypothesis test. Let's denote th…

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, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 60 >> Reaction to tear gas. The length of time Y (in minutes) required to generate a human reaction to tear gas formula A has a gamma distribution with ? = 2 and ? = 2. The distribution for formula B is also gamma, but with ? = 1 and ? = 4.a. Find the mean length of time required to generate a human reaction to tear gas formula A. Find the mean for formula B.b. Find the variances for both distributions.
Answer Preview: a The mean length of time required to generate a human reaction to tear gas formula A can be found b…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 106 >> The National Science Foundation, in a survey of 2,237 engineering graduate students who earned their PhD degrees, found that 607 were U.S. citizens; the majority (1,630) of the PhD degrees were awarded to foreign nationals. Conduct a test to determine whether the true proportion of engineering PhD degrees awarded to foreign nationals exceeds .5. Use ? = .01.
Answer Preview: To determine whether the true proportion of engineering PhD degrees awarded to foreign nationals exc…

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, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 111 >> Suppose we are counting events that occur according to a Poisson distribution, such as the number of automobile accidents at a left-turn lane. If it is known that exactly one such event has occurred in a given interval of time, say (0, t), then the actual time of occurrence is uniformly distributed over this interval. Suppose that during a given 30-minute period, one accident occurred. Find the pr
Answer Preview: It is unlikely that the water content reading of 14 was obtained at a pre…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 132 >> Suppose y is a single observation from a uniform distribution defined on the interval from 0 to ?. Find a 95% confidence limit LCL for ? such that P(LCL < ? < ?) = .95. Start with the pivotal statistic y/? and show (using the method of Chapter 6) that y/? is uniformly distributed on the interval from 0 to 1. Then observe thatand proceed to obtain LCL.
Answer Preview: To find the 95 confidence limit LCL Lower Confidence Limit for we start by considering the pivotal s…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 79 >> A company produces a fast drying rubber cement in 32-ounce aluminum cans. A quality control inspector is interested in testing whether the variance of the amount of rubber cement dispensed into the cans is more than .3. If so, the dispensing machine is in need of adjustment. Since inspection of the canning process requires that the dispensing machines be shut down, and shutdowns for any lengthy pe
Answer Preview: a. To test whether the variance of the amount of rubber cement dispensed into the ca…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 34 >> Refer to the Journal of Human Stress study of firefighters, Exercise 12.5. Consider using the qualitative variable, level of social support, as a predictor of emotional stress y. Suppose that four social support levels were studied: none, low, moderate, and high.a. Write a model for E(y) as a function of social support at four levels.b. Interpret the ? parameters in the model.c. Explain how to tes
Answer Preview: a E y 0 1 None 2 Low 3 Moderate 4 High b The parameters in the model a…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 86 >> An important property of certain products that are in powder or granular form is their particle size distribution. For example, refractory cements are adversely affected by too high a proportion of coarse granules, which can lead to weaknesses from poor packing. G. H. Brown (Journal of Quality Technology, July 1985) showed that the beta distribution provides an adequate model for the percentage Y
Answer Preview: a The mean of a beta distribution with parameters and is and the variance …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 25 >> In countries with a water shortage, converting salt water to potable water is a critical problem. The standard method of water distillation is with a single slope solar still. Several enhanced solar energy water distillation systems were investigated in Applied Solar Energy (Vol. 46, 2010). One new system employs a sun tracking meter and a step-wise basin. The new system was tested over three rand
Answer Preview: a. The null hypothesis for this test is that the mean daily amount of distilled water collected by the new system is not greater than 1 4 l/m2 ( 1 4). …

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, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 93 >> Verify that the moment generating function of a uniform random variable on the interval a ? Y ? b is Transcribed Image Text: elb - eta m(t) t(b – a)
Answer Preview: The moment generating function of a random variable Y is defined as M t E e tY where E is the …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 11 >> Refer to the American Journal of Science (Jan. 2005) study of the chemical makeup of buried tills (glacial drifts) in Wisconsin, Exercise 2.22. The ratio of the elements aluminum (Al) and beryllium (Be) in sediment is related to the duration of burial. Recall that the Al/Be ratios for a sample of 26 buried till specimens were determined. The till specimens were obtained from five different borehol
Answer Preview: There is sufficient evidence to indicate differences among the mean Al Be ratios for the five …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 111 >> Engineers periodically analyze water samples for various types of organic material. The total organic carbon (TOC) level was measured in water samples collected at two sewage treatment sites in England. The accompanying table gives the summary information on the TOC levels (measured in mg/L) found in the rivers adjacent to the two sewage facilities. Since the river at the Foxcote sewage treatment
Answer Preview: To test whether the sample information supports the hypothesis that the TOC levels found at Foxcote …

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, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 87 >> Use the result of Exercise 4.86 to derive the mean and variance of the Poisson distribution.
Answer Preview: Exercise 4 86 states that the cumulative distribution function CDF of the Poisson …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 100 >> The Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice (Apr. 2005) reported on the results of a 2005 survey of courses offered at undergraduate engineering programs. Of the 90 engineering programs that participated in the 2005 survey, 68 covered fluid mechanics. In a survey taken 20 years earlier (Engineering Education, Apr. 1986), 66 of the 100 undergraduate engineering programs
Answer Preview: Given 190 n = 100 x = 66 (1) State the null and alt…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 68 >> A marine biologist was hired by the EPA to determine whether the hot-water runoff from a particular power plant located near a large gulf is having an adverse effect on the marine life in the area. The biologist’s goal is to acquire a prediction equation for the number of marine animals located at certain designated areas, or stations, in the gulf. Based on past experience, the EPA considered the
Answer Preview: a According to the SPSS printout the independent variable with the highest t value and the lowest p …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 85 >> Suppose the proportion of Internet start-up firms that make a profit during their first year of operation possesses a relative frequency distribution that can be approximated by the beta density with ? = 5 and ? = 6.a. Find the probability that at most 60% of all Internet startup firms make a profit during their first year of operation.b. Find the probability that at least 80% of all Internet star
Answer Preview: a To calculate the probability that at most 60 of all Internet startup firms make a profit during th…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 77 >> Recording electrical activity of the brain is important in clinical problems as well as in neurophysiological research. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the electrical activity, it is necessary to repeatedly stimulate subjects and average the responses— a procedure that assumes that single responses are homogeneous. A study was conducted to test the homogeneous signal theory (IEEE Eng
Answer Preview: a. The null hypothesis is that the variance of the SNR r…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 5 >> The Journal of Human Stress (Summer 1987) reported on a study of “psychological response of firefighters to a chemical fire.” The researchers used multiple regression to predict emotional distress as a function of the following independent variables. Identify each independent variable as quantitative or qualitative. For qualitative variables, suggest several levels that might be observed. For quan
Answer Preview: a Number of pre incident psychological symptoms Quantitative range of values levels for which the va…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 12 >> A herpetologist wants to determine whether the egg-hatching rate for a certain species of frog exceeds .5 when the eggs are exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Answer Preview: Solution Null hypothesis H 0 …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 10 >> The Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) published an article on a comparison of two yeast extracts, baker’s yeast and brewer’s yeast. Brewer’s yeast is a surplus by-product obtained from a brewery, hence it is less expensive than primary grown baker’s yeast. Samples of both yeast extracts were prepared at four different temperatures (45, 48, 51, and 54°C), and the autolysis yield (
Answer Preview: a The factors in the experiment are the type of yeas…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 114 >> The life length Y (in years) of a memory chip in a laptop computer is a Weibull random variable with probability densitya. What are the values of ? and ??b. Compute the mean and variance of Y.c. Find the probability that a new memory chip will not fail before 6 years. Transcribed Image Text: f(y) [
Answer Preview: a The beta distribution is defined as f y ky 1 1 y 1 where k is the normalizing constant and 0 Th…

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, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 25 >> An exploration seismologist wants to develop a model that will allow him to estimate the average signal-to-noise ratio of an earthquake’s seismic wave, y, as a function of two independent variables: x1 = Frequency (cycles per second)x2 = Amplitude of the waveleta. Identify the independent variables as quantitative or qualitative.b. Write the first-order model for E(y).c. Write a model for E(y) tha
Answer Preview: a The independent variables are x1 Frequency cycles per second Quantitative x2 A…

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, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 117 >> A technique, called matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), has been developed for chemically extracting trace organic (toxic) compounds from fish specimens (chromatographia, Mar. 1995). Uncontaminated fish fillets were injected with a toxic substance and the MSPD method was used to extract the toxicant. To estimate the precision of the method, seven measurements were obtained on a single fish fille
Answer Preview: The estimate of the recovery percentage variance when using the MSPD method is s 2 81 2 To find t…

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 48 >> A two-stage nested sampling design was used to collect data to estimate the mean porosity of paper emerging from a paper machine. Ten patches of paper were randomly selected from the end of the paper roll, and four porosity readings were made on each. The data are shown in the following table. a. Perform an analysis of variance on the data. Give the ANOVA summary table.b. Obtain the estimates of ?
Answer Preview: To perform the analysis of variance ANOVA on the given data we need to calculate several sums of squares and mean squares Let s go through the steps to obtain the ANOVA summary table Calculate the tot…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 27 >> Show that the uniform distribution is new better than used (NBU) over the interval (0, 1).
Answer Preview: The uniform distribution continuous is one of the simplest p…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 20 >> Use the formula for the sum of an arithmetic progression to show thatfor the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Transcribed Image Text: n(n + 1) T + T, = 2
Answer Preview: The sum of an arithmetic progression is given by the formula Sum n 2 first t…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 47 >> Foresters periodically “cruise” a forest to determine the size (usually measured as the diameter at breast height) of a certain species of trees. The breast height diameters (in meters) for a sample of 28 trembling aspen trees in British Columbia’s boreal forest are listed here. Determine whether the sample data are from an approximately normal distribution.
Answer Preview: In order to determine whether the sample data are from an approximately normal distribution we must …

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, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 113 >> The percentage Y of impurities per batch in a certain chemical product is a beta random variable with probability densitya. What are the values of ? and ??b. Compute the mean and variance of Y.c. A batch with more than 80% impurities cannot be sold. What is the probability that a randomly selected batch cannot be sold because of excessive impurities?
Answer Preview: a The beta distribution is defined as f y …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 77 >> Acid rain is considered by some environmentalists to be the nation’s most serious environmental problem. It is formed by the combination of water vapor in clouds with nitrogen oxide and sulfuric dioxide emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas. The acidity of rain in central and northern Florida consistently ranges from 4.5 to 5 on the pH scale, a decidedly acid condition. To deter
Answer Preview: To test for interactions between the pH level of acid rain and soil depth part a and to determine the effectiveness of blocking over time part b we ca…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 28 >> A commonly used index to estimate the reliability of a building subjected to lateral loads is the drift ratio. Sophisticated computer programs such as STAAD-III have been developed to estimate the drift ratio based on variables such as beam stiffness, column stiffness, story height, moment of inertia, etc. Civil engineers at SUNY, Buffalo, and the University of Central Florida performed an experim
Answer Preview: a The treatments in the experiment are the three computer runs Run 1 using STAAD III which considers …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 86 >> A computer lab at the University of Oklahoma is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In Production and Inventory Management Journal (3rd Quarter, 1999), S. Barman investigated whether computer usage differed significantly (1) among the 7 days of the week and (2) among the 24 hours of the day. Using student log-on records, data on hourly student loads (number of users per hour) were collected during
Answer Preview: a This is an observational study The researcher collected data on computer usage by observing studen…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 116 >> The building specifications in a certain city require that the sewer pipe used in residential areas have a mean breaking strength of more than 2,500 pounds per lineal foot. A manufacturer who would like to supply the city with sewer pipe has submitted a bid and provided the following additional information: An independent contractor randomly selected seven sections of the manufacturer’s pipe and t
Answer Preview: a. We can use a one-sample t-test to determine if the sample mean breaking strength of the sewer pipe is significantly different from 2,500 pounds per …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 42 >> The factors that impact the quality of manufactured medical wires used in cardiovascular devices was investigated in Quality Engineering (Vol. 25, 2013). A complete 3-factor factorial design, with each factor at 2 levels, was employed. The three factors (levels) are: Machine type (I or II), Reduction angle (narrow or wide), and Bearing length (short or long). The dependent variable of interest was
Answer Preview: Analysis of variance ANOVA results presented in a table format Factor DF Seq SS Adj …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 61 >> National Science Education Standards recommend that all life science students be exposed to methods of identifying unknown biological specimens. Due to certain limitations of traditional identification methods, biology professors at Slippery Rock University (SRU) developed a computer-aided system for identifying common conifers (deciduous trees) called Confir ID. (The American Biology Teacher, May
Answer Preview: Based on the results of the survey, it appears that Confir ID sho…

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, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 8 >> The failure of a computer disk pack is considered to be an initial failure if it occurs prior to time t = ? and a wear-out failure if it occurs after time t = ?. Suppose the failure time distribution during the useful life of the disk pack is given by a. Find F(t) and R(t).b. Find the hazard rate z(t).c. Graph the hazard rate of the disk pack for ? = 100 hours and ? = 1,500 hours.d. For ? = 100 an
Answer Preview: a . The cumulative distribution function F(t) is: F(t) = t […

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, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 1 >> A report on dental patients with temporomandibular (jaw) joint dysfunction (TMD) was published in General Dentistry (Jan/Feb. 2004). A random sample of 60 patients was selected for an experimental treatment of TMD. Prior to treatment, the patients filled out a survey on two nonfunctional jaw habits—bruxism (teeth grinding) and teeth clenching—that have been linked to TMD. Of the 60 patients, 3 adm
Answer Preview: a. The qualitative variable of interest in the study is the presence or absence of two nonfunctional jaw habits - bruxism (teeth grinding) and teeth c…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 8 >> Suppose y1, y2, ..... yn is a random sample from a normal distribution with unknown mean m and variance ?2 = 1, i.e.,Show that the likelihood L of the sample is Transcribed Image Text: 1 f(y) %3D V27
Answer Preview: We know that the likelihood of a sample is given by L mu f y 1 y 2 y n …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 22 >> An analyst tested the null hypothesis ? ? 20 against the alternative hypothesis that ? < 20. The analyst reported a p-value of .06. What is the smallest value of ? for which the null hypothesis would be rejected?
Answer Preview: A p-value of 0 06 corresponds to the probability of obse…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 31 >> Researchers investigated the effect of gender (male or female) and weight (light or heavy) on the length of time required by firefighters to perform a particular firefighting task (Human Factors). Eight firefighters were selected in each of the four gender–weight categories. Each firefighter was required to perform a certain task. The time (in minutes) needed to perform the task was recorded for e
Answer Preview: a The factors involved in the experiment are gender weight and …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 66 >> The results of an evaluation of the drinking water quality in Pakistan was reported in Drinking Water Engineering and Science (Vol. 6, 2013). Due to high levels of fluoride in the drinking water, Pakistanis are susceptible to fluoride toxicity (fluorosis)—which occurs when the fluoride level exceeds 1.5 milligrams per liter of water (mg/l). Water specimens were collected from various surface or gr
Answer Preview: To test whether there is evidence to indicate that the fraction of water specimens that exceed 1 5 mg/l of fluoride contrasts among Lahore and Faisala…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 42 >> Computer mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF). (Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Apr. 2004.) Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC
Answer Preview: H0: CMC = FTF H1: CMC < FTF Test statistic: t = -2 94 The mean relational intimacy score for partici…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 12 >> Human Factors (December 2009) investigated whether back and knee strength dictates the load lifting strategies of males and females. A sample of 32 healthy adults (16 men and 16 women) participated in a series of strength tests on the back and the knees. Following the tests, the participants were randomly divided into two groups, where each group consisted of 8 men and 8 women. One group was provi
Answer Preview: a Experimental unit The experimental unit in this study is the individual participant …

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 50 >> An experiment was conducted to estimate the mean level of sulfur content in coal produced by a particular mine. Five days were randomly selected and identified as coal sampling days. On each day, five coal cars were randomly selected and portions of coal were removed from each. Two specimens were prepared from each portion and analyzed for sulfur content. The data are shown in the accompanying tab
Answer Preview: a The analysis of variance ANOVA table for the experiment is as follows Source D…

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, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 6 >> A University of South Florida clinical trial of 50,000 smokers was carried out to compare the effectiveness of CT scans with X-rays for detecting lung cancer. (Today’s Tomorrows, Fall 2002.) Each participating smoker was randomly assigned to one of two screening methods, CT or chest X-ray, and the age (in years) at which the scanning method first detects a tumor was to be determined. One goal of t
Answer Preview: a The response variable of the study is the age in years at which the scanning method first detects …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 1 >> Define ? and ? for a statistical test of hypothesis.
Answer Preview: x P type error P rejecting Ho where Ho is true Ho is null h…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 90 >> Use the results of Exercise 8.89 to show thatwhere F depends on numerator df = [(Sample size for numerator sample variance) - 1] and denominator df = [(sample size for denominator sample variance) - 1]. First writeThen use the fact that P(F > F?/2) = ?/2. Transcribed Image Text: Larger sample varian
Answer Preview: To show that [P(Larger sample variance/small sample variance) > F(/2) ] = we can use the fact that t…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 60 >> In forestry, the diameter of a tree at breast height (which is fairly easy to measure) is used to predict the height of the tree (a difficult measurement to obtain). Silviculturists working in British Columbia’s boreal forest conducted a series of spacing trials to predict the heights of several species of trees. The data in the table are the breast height diameters (in centimeters) and heights (i
Answer Preview: To analyze the given data and answer the questions let s follow the steps outlined below a Construct a scattergram for the data The scattergram will visually represent the relationship between breast …

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 64 >> Refer to the Landscape Ecology Journal (Jan. 2013) study of mowing effects on vegetation in highway rights-of-way, Exercise 14.35. Recall that a 3 × 3 factorial design was employed to estimate the effects of mowing frequency and mowing height on the mean height of vegetation. The researchers detected evidence of interaction between the two factors, mowing frequency (once, twice, or three times per
Answer Preview: To determine the best combination of mowing frequency and height for maintaining safe vegetation hei…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 46 >> Refer to the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (Apr. 2004) study to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via computer-mediated communication (CMC) to people meeting face-to-face (FTF), Exercise 8.42. Recall that a relational intimacy score was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. The researchers also hypothesized t
Answer Preview: The null and alternate hypotheses for the CMC group comparison are of interest because: The mean relational intimacy score for individuals in the CMC …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 21 >> Scientists believe that a major cause of global warming is higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In the Journal of World-Systems Research (Summer 2003), sociologists examined the impact of foreign investment dependence on CO2 emissions n = 66 in developing countries. In particular, the researchers modeled the level of CO2 emissions in a year based on foreign investments and othe
Answer Preview: a The value of R2 which is 0 31 in this case represents the coefficient of determination It indicate…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 75 >> An engineer has proposed the following model to describe the relationship between the number of acceptable items produced per day (output) and the number of work-hours expended per day (input) in a particular production process: y = ?0 + ?1x + ?2x2 + ?where y = Number of acceptable items produced per dayx = Number of work-hours per dayA portion of the MINITAB computer printout that results from fi
Answer Preview: To test the hypothesis that as the input number of …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 27 >> Researchers conducted an experiment to compare the mean job satisfaction rating E(y) of workers using three types of work scheduling: flextime (which allows workers to set their individual work schedules), staggered starting hours, and fixed hours.a. Identify the treatments in the experiment.b. Suppose 60 workers are available for the study. Explain how you would employ a completely randomized des
Answer Preview: a The treatments in the experiment are flextime staggered starting hours and fixed hours …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 86 >> Refer to the Journal of Food Engineering (Sep. 2013) study of the characteristics of fried sweet potato chips, Exercise 8.74. Recall that a sample of 6 sweet potato slices fried at 130º using a vacuum fryer yielded the following statistics on internal oil content (measured in gigagrams): y?1 = .178 g/g and s1 = .011 g/g. A second sample of 6 sweet potato slices was obtained, only these were subjec
Answer Preview: It is not recommended for the researchers to carry out the analysis using a t-test to …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 74 >> High-resolution images of lapetus, one of Saturn’s largest moons, were recently obtained by the Cassini spacecraft and analyzed by NASA (Science, Feb. 25, 2005). Using wideband filters, the ratios of ultraviolet to green and infrared to green wavelengths were measured at 24 moon locations. These color ratios are listed in the table below. According to the researchers, “the data’s linear trend sugg
Answer Preview: To conduct a simple linear regression analysis of the data and determine if the results support the researchers statement we will follow these steps O…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 21 >> Oil wells can suffer from scale deposits, leading to a reduction in well flow performance. Consequently, it is important for oil well managers to periodically assess the damage caused by scale deposits. In the Journal of Petroleum & Gas Engineering (April 2013) researchers compared four different computer software products designed to assess scale deposit damage. These software products were (1) K
Answer Preview: a The data has been collected as a randomized block design to account for potential sources of varia…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 38 >> Computer mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, e-mail). Refer to the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (Apr. 2004) study to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF), Exercise 8.42. Recall that participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were rando
Answer Preview: a The complete model appropriate for the 2 2 3 factorial design is Relational intimacy score Group C…

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, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 130 >> Suppose y is a single observation from a normal distribution with mean ? and variance 1. Use y to find a 95% confidence interval for ?.
Answer Preview: A 95 confidence interval for the mean of a normal distrib…

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 40 >> An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three factors—paper stock, bleaching compound, and coating type—on the whiteness of fine bond paper. Three paper stocks (factor A), four types of bleaches (factor B), and two types of coatings (factor C) were used for the experiment. Six paper specimens were prepared for each of the 3 × 4 × 2 stock– bleach–coating combinations and a measure
Answer Preview: a The analysis of variance ANOVA table can be constructed as follows Source of Variation Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares A paper stock 2 2 35B bleac…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 107 >> Refer to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers study of contaminated fish in the Tennessee River (Alabama).a. Use a random number table to generate a random sample of n = 40 observations on DDT concentration in fish from the DDT file. Compute y? and s for the sample measurements.b. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sets the limit for DDT content in individual fish at 5 parts per million (ppm). Doe
Answer Preview: a. To generate a random sample of n = 40 observations from the DDT file, a random number table can b…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 29 >> Refer to the Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) study of two yeast extracts, baker’s yeast and brewer’s yeast, Exercise 13.10. Recall that samples of both yeast extracts were prepared at four different temperatures (45°, 48°, 51°, and 54°C), and the autolysis yield (recorded as a percentage) was measured for each of the yeast–temperature combinations. Thus, a 2 × 4 factorial desig
Answer Preview: a For this design an interaction between yeast answe and temperature would occur when the effect of one variable depends on the level of the other v…

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 76 >> A commonly used index to estimate the reliability of a building subjected to lateral loads is the drift ratio. Sophisticated computer programs such as STAAD-III have been developed to estimate the drift ratio based on variables such as beam stiffness, column stiffness, story height, moment of inertia, and so on. Civil engineers at the State University of New York at Buffalo and the University of C
Answer Preview: a The treatments in the experiment are the different computer programs used to estimate the …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 57 >> A wiki is a web information depository with content that can be updated and edited through a web browser. Engineering faculty at a university in Portugal investigated the degree to which wiki tools are accepted in an academic environment (Computer Applications in Engineering Education, Vol. 20, 2012). An online survey was made available to both professors and students that were involved in enginee
Answer Preview: Let P be the population proportion and p' be the Samp…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 75 >> An evaluation of diffusion bonding of zircaloy components is performed. The main objective is to determine which of three elements—nickel, iron, or copper— is the best bonding agent. A series of zircaloy components are bonded using each of the possible bonding agents. Since there is a great deal of variation in components machined from different ingots, a randomized block design is used, blocking
Answer Preview: a The treatments in this experiment are the three bonding agents nickel iron and copper b The blocks …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 108 >> In the manufacture of machinery, it is essential to utilize parts that conform to specifications. In the past, diameters of the ball bearings produced by a certain manufacturer had a variance of .00156. To cut costs, the manufacturer instituted a less expensive production method. The variance of the diameters of 100 randomly sampled bearings produced by the new process was .00211. Do the data prov
Answer Preview: To determine whether the diameters of ball bearings produced by the new process are more variable th…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 98 >> The Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) published a study of ants in Mongolia (Central Asia). Botanists placed seed baits at five sites in the Dry Steppe region and six sites in the Gobi Desert and observed the number of ant species attracted to each site. These data are listed in the table on p. 438. Is there evidence to conclude that a difference exists between the average number of ant species
Answer Preview: The null hypothesis (H0) states that there is no difference between the average number of ant species in the two regions, while the alternative hypoth…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 5 >> The amount of time Y (in minutes) that a commuter train is late is a continuous random variable with probability densitya. Find the value of c for this probability distribution.b. Find the cumulative distribution function, F(y).c. What is the probability that the train is no more than 3 minutes late? Transcribed Image Text
Answer Preview: Ans The random variable Y represents the amount of time that a commuter train is late The probabilit…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 88 >> Refer to the Human Factors (Apr. 1990) study of recognizer accuracy at three levels (90%, 95%, and 99%) and vocabulary size at three levels (75%, 87.5%, and 100%) on the performance of a computerized speech recognizer, Exercise 12.26 (p. 661). The data on task completion times (minutes) were subjected to an analysis of variance for a 3 × 3 factorial design. The F test for accuracy × vocabulary int
Answer Preview: Part a The result of the test for interaction indicates that the effect of accuracy on task completi…

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, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 36 >> Refer to the neutral particle transport problem described in Exercise 3.42 (p. 84). Recall that particles released into an evacuated duct collide with the inner duct wall and are either scattered (reflected) with probability .16 or absorbed with probability .84. a. If 4 particles are released into the duct, what is the probability that all 4 will be absorbed by the inner duct wall? Exactly 3 of th
Answer Preview: a If 4 particles are released into the duct the probability that all 4 will be absorbed by th…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 16 >> Refer to the Marine Technology (Jan. 1995) study of major ocean oil spills by tanker vessels, Exercise 2.85. The spillage amounts (thousands of metric tons) and cause of accident for 48 tankers are saved in the OILSPILL file. (Note: Delete the two tankers with oil spills of unknown causes.) Conduct an analysis of variance (at ? = .01) to compare the mean spillage amounts for the four accident type
Answer Preview: To perform an analysis of variance ANOVA for the given data we need to compare the mean spillage amo…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 96 >> Let y1, y2, y3, ..... yn represent a random sample of size n selected from a Poisson probability distribution with unknown mean ?. Let X represent the sum of the Poisson values, X = ?yi. Then X has a Poisson distribution with mean n?. Assume that the prior distribution for ? is an exponential probability distribution with parameter ?. Find a Bayesian decision rule for testing Ho: ? = ?o versus Ha:
Answer Preview: The Bayesian decision rule for testing Ho: = o versus Ha: > o is to compare the posterior probabilit…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 8 >> Extreme value distributions are used to model values of a continuous random variable that represent extremely rare events. For example, an oceanic engineer may want to model the size of a freak wave from a tsunami, or an environmental engineer might want to model the probability of the hottest temperature exceeding a certain threshold. The journal Extremes (March, 2013) investigated several probab
Answer Preview: a To show that F 1 we need to take the limit of the cumulative distribution function as x approaches …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 26 >> To protect against earthquake damage, steel beams are typically fitted and connected with plastic hinges. However, these plastic hinges are prone to deformations and are difficult to inspect and repair. An alternative method of connecting steel beams—one that uses high strength steel bars with clamps— was investigated in Engineering Structures (July 2013). Mathematical models for predicting the pe
Answer Preview: a. The null hypothesis for this test is that the true mean yield strength of the steel bars is equal …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 113 >> Current technology uses X-rays and lasers for inspection of solder-joint defects on printed circuit boards (PCBs). (Quality Congress Transactions, 1986.) A particular manufacturer of laser-based inspection equipment claims that its product can inspect on average at least 10 solder joints per second when the joints are spaced .1 inch apart. The equipment was tested by a potential buyer on 48 differ
Answer Preview: a. The null hypothesis is that the true mean number of solder joints inspected per second by the equ…

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, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 127 >> Let y1, y2, . . . , yn denote a random sample from a uniform distribution with probability densitya. Show that y? is a biased estimator of ?, and compute the bias. b. Find V(y?). c. What function of y? is an unbiased estimator of ??     Transcribed Image Text: [1 if e s ys 0 + 1 0 elsewhere
Answer Preview: To determine whether y the sample mean is a biased estimator of the population mean we need to calcu…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 68 >> Check the assumptions for the randomized block ANOVA of Exercise 14.25. Data from Exercise 14.25Refer to the Journal of Bacteriology (July 2002) study of the sensitivity of bacteria genes to light, Exercise 8.49 (p. 406). Recall that scientists isolated 103 genes of the bacterium responsible for photosynthesis and respiration. Each gene was grown to midexponential phase in a growth incubator in “f
Answer Preview: To check the assumptions for a randomized block ANOVA for the given data from Exercise 14 25 we need to consider the following assumptions Independenc…

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, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 29 >> Suppose you plan to investigate the effect of hourly pay rate and length of workday on some measure y of worker productivity. Both pay rate and length of workday will be set at three levels, and y will be observed for all combinations of these factors.a. What type of experiment is this?b. Identify the factors and state whether they are quantitative or qualitative.c. Identify the treatments to be e
Answer Preview: a This experiment is a factorial design experiment b The fact…

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 85 >> A chemist has run an experiment to study the effect of four treatments on the glass transition temperature (in degrees Kelvin) of a particular polymer compound. Raw material used to make this polymer is bought in small batches. The material is thought to be fairly uniform within a batch but variable between batches. Therefore, each treatment was run on samples from each batch with the results show
Answer Preview: To analyze the data and answer the questions we can perform an analysis of variance ANOVA test This statistical test allows us to determine if there a…

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, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 63 >> The biting rate of a particular species of fly was investigated in a study reported in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association (Mar. 1995). Biting rate was defined as the number of flies biting a volunteer during 15 minutes of exposure. This species of fly is known to have a median biting rate of 5 bites per 15 minutes on Stanbury Island, Utah. However, it is theorized that the me
Answer Preview: a The null hypothesis for this test would be that the median biting rate of the fly spe…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 26 >> Refer to Exercise 13.25. Write the model for y assuming that you wish to enter main effect terms for the factors, but no terms for factor interactions. How many degrees of freedom will be available for estimating ?2? Data from Exercise 13.25Write the complete factorial model for a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment where both factors at two levels are quantitative and the third factor at four levels i
Answer Preview: In a 2 2 4 factorial experiment where both factors at two levels are quantitative and the third fact…

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 7 >> Show that for a fixed sample size n, ? increases as  decreases, and vice versa.
Answer Preview: It is clear from the preceding example that once we are given the samp…

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 34 >> The chemical element antimony is sometimes added to tin–lead solder to replace the more expensive tin and to reduce the cost of soldering. A factorial experiment was conducted to determine how antimony affects the strength of the tin–lead solder joint (Journal of Materials Science, May 1986). Tin–lead solder specimens were prepared using one of four possible cooling methods (water-quenched, WQ; oi
Answer Preview: a The ANOVA Analysis of Variance summary table typically includes the following components Source Su…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 89 >> Suppose we want to test Ho: ?12 = ?22versus Ha:  ?12 ? ?22. Show that the rejection region given bywhere F depends on v1 = (n1 - 1)df and v2 = (n2 - 1) df, is equivalent to the rejection region given bywhere F depends on v1 numerator df and v2 denominator df, orwhere F* depends on v2 numerator df and v1 denominator df. Use the fact (proof omitted) thatwhere F depends on v1 numerator df and v2 deno
Answer Preview: Answer: To show that the rejection region given by (s1)/(s2) > F(/2) and (s1)/(s2) < F(1-/2) is equi…

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, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 43 >> Refer to the Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy (Mar./Jun. 2003) study of redshifts in Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs), Exercise 10.4. Recall that simple linear regression was used to model the magnitude (y) of a QSO as a function of redshift level (x). In addition to the least-squares line, y? = 18.13 + 6.21x, the coefficient of correlation was determined as r = .84.a. Interpret the value of r in t
Answer Preview: a. The coefficient of correlation, r, is a statistical measure of the strength and direction of the …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 82 >> The Mixed Arithmetic- Perceptual (MA-P) model is a componential model of graphic interaction that was developed based on analyses of humans interacting with graphical displays on the computer. The assumptions of the MA-P model were tested in a research article reported in the SIGCHI Bulletin (July 1993). Using simple linear regression, the researcher modeled response time y (in milliseconds) in a
Answer Preview: a The value of 1 represents the estimated change in response time y for a one unit increase in the number of processing steps x In this case 1 450 whi…

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, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 14 >> A low cost and highly productive bio-fuel production method is high temperature fermentation. However, heat stress can inhibit the amount of ethanol produced during the process. In Engineering Life Sciences (March 2013), biochemical engineers carried out a series of experiments to assess the effect of temperature on ethanol production during fermentation. The maximum inhibitory concentration of et
Answer Preview: A 100 00 mL solution of the ion M n at a concentration of 0 …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 30 >> In Exercise 5.36 you learned that the mean alkalinity level of water specimens collected from the Han River in Seoul, Korea, is 50 milligrams per liter. (Environmental Science & Engineering, September 1, 2000.) Consider a random sample of 100 water specimens collected from a tributary of the Han River. Suppose the mean and standard deviation of the alkalinity levels for the sample are y? = 67.8 mg
Answer Preview: In order to determine if there is sufficient evidence to indicate that the population mean alkalinit…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 56 >> Refer to the Chemicial Engineering Progress (Jan. 2005) study of the rate at which a spilled volatile liquid will spread across a surface, Exercise 10.10.a. Find a 90% confidence interval for the mean mass, E(y), of all spills with an elapsed time of x = 8 minutes. Interpret the result.b. Will a 90% confidence interval for mean mass, E(y), when x = x? be wider or narrower than the confidence inter
Answer Preview: To answer the questions we need to analyze the data provided and perform the necessary calculations Let s proceed with the calculations a Find a 90 co…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 49 >> Quality control engineers at DuPont utilize nested sampling schemes to determine the percentage of a product shipped that conforms to specifications.* First, a random sample of n1 production lots is selected; then, a random sample of n2 batches is selected from each production lot. Finally, n3 shipping lots are randomly selected from each batch for inspection. Suppose n1 = 10, n2 = 5, and n3 = 20.
Answer Preview: Sources of Variation 1 Between Production Lots df 9 2 Between …

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, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 15 >> Let y? = ??o, + ??1x1 + ??2x2, ... ??kxk be the least squares prediction equation, and let y be some observation to be obtained in the future.a. Explain why (y? - y) is normally distributed.b. Show that E(y? - y) = 0andV(y? - y) = [1 + a'(X'X)-1a]?2
Answer Preview: a The least squares prediction equation is a linear model that estimates the expected value of the r…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 91 >> Is the navigational behavior of cockroaches scavenging for food random or linked to a chemical trail? In an attempt to answer this question, an entomologist designed an experiment to test a cockroach’s ability to follow a trail of its fecal material (Explore, Research at the University of Florida, Fall 1998). A methanol extract from roach feces—called a pheromone—was used to create chemical trail
Answer Preview: The results of a two way factorial analysis of variance ANOVA would help the entomologist determine …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 5 >> A manufacturer of power meters, which are used to regulate energy thresholds of a data communications system, claims that when its production process is operating correctly, only 10% of the power meters will be defective. A vendor has just received a shipment of 25 power meters from the manufacturer. Suppose the vendor wants to test HO: p = .10 against Ha: p > .10, where p is the true proportion o
Answer Preview: a. The value of for this test procedure is the level of significance, or the probability of making a …

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, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 56 >> Refer to the Chemical Engineering Journal (April, 2013) study of a method for removing nitrogen from toxic wastewater, Exercise 10.53. Recall that the researchers related y = the amount of nitrogen removed (measured in milligrams per liter) from a wastewater specimen to x = the amount of ammonium (milligrams per liter) used in the removal process using data collected for 120 specimens. The data fo
Answer Preview: a To find Spearman s rank correlation between the amount of nitrogen removed y and the amount of amm…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 15 >> Each year, Computerworld magazine reports the Datapro ratings of all computer software vendors. Vendors are rated on a scale from 1 to 4 (1 = poor, 4 = excellent) in such areas as reliability, efficiency, ease of installation, and ease of use by a random sample of software users. A software vendor wants to determine whether its product has a higher mean Datapro rating than a rival vendor’s product
Answer Preview: The software vendor could perform a hypothesis test to determine if its product ha…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 27 >> In the oil industry, water that mixes with crude oil during production and transportation must be removed. Chemists have found that the oil can be extracted from the water/oil mix electrically. Researchers at the University of Bergen (Norway) conducted a series of experiments to study the factors that influence the voltage (y) required to separate the water from the oil. (Journal of Colloid and In
Answer Preview: a To propose a first order model for y as a function of all seven independent variables we can write the equation as y 0 1x1 2x2 3x3 4x4 5x5 6x6 7x7 Where y represents the voltage required to separate …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 26 >> A plant that manufactures denim jeans in the United Kingdom recently introduced a computerized automated handling system. The new system delivers garments to the assembly line operators by means of an overhead conveyor. While the automated system minimizes operator handling time, it inhibits operators from working ahead and taking breaks from their machine. A study in New Technology, Work, and Emp
Answer Preview: To analyze the data and determine whether the mean absentee rate differs across the five days of the workweek we can analyze variance ANOVA ANOVA comp…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 99 >> Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ants in Mongolia (Central Asia), Exercise 8.98, where you compared the mean number of ants at two desert sites. Since the sample sizes were small, the variances of the populations at the two sites must be equal in order for the inference to be valid. a. Set up Ho and Ha for determining whether the variances are the same. b. Use the data in
Answer Preview: a. To determine whether the variances of the populations at the two desert sites are equal, the null …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 78 >> Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), used in the manufacture of large electrical transformers and capacitors, are extremely hazardous contaminants when released into the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is experimenting with a new device for measuring PCB concentration in fish. To check the precision of the new instrument, seven PCB readings were taken on the same fish sample. T
Answer Preview: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), used in the manufacture of large electrical transformers and capac…

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, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 59 >> Prior to the grounding of space shuttle program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) estimated that the chance of a “critical- item” failure within a space shuttle’s main engine was approximately 1 in 63. The failure of a critical item during flight would lead directly to a shuttle catastrophe. a. On average, how many shuttle missions would fly before a critical-item failure o
Answer Preview: a The average number of shuttle missions before a critical item failure occurs is 1 1 63 63 b The st…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 19 >> The Perth (Australia) Metropolitan Water Authority recently completed construction of a land pipeline for transporting domestic wastewaters from a primary treatment plant. During construction, the cement mortar lining of the pipeline was tested for cracking to determine whether autogenous healing will seal the cracks. Otherwise, expensive epoxy filling repairs would be necessary (Proceedings of th
Answer Preview: In this task we are interested in conducting a test to deter…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 16 >> The Environmental Protection Agency wishes to test whether the mean amount of radium-226 in soil in a Florida county exceeds the maxium allowable amount, 4 pCi/L.
Answer Preview: Answer- 1) Radium fact; Radium is formed when uranium and thorium undergo radioactive decay in the environment. -Uranium and thorium are found in small amounts in most rocks and soil. Radium is consta…

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, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 102 >> The manufacturer of a price-reading optical scanner claims that the probability it will misread the price of any product by misreading the “bar code” on a product’s label is .001. At the time one of the scanners was installed in a supermarket, the store manager tested its performance. Let Y be the number of trials (i.e., the number of prices read by the scanner) until the first misread price is ob
Answer Preview: a The probability distribution for Y is a geometric …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 7 >> Refer to the Environmental Science & Technology (Sept. 1, 2000) study of ammonia levels near the exit ramp of a San Francisco highway tunnel, Exercise 2.30. The daily ammonia concentrations (parts per million) on eight randomly selected days during afternoon drive-time are reproduced in the table. Suppose you want to determine if the median daily ammonia concentration for all afternoon drive-time
Answer Preview: a The null hypothesis is that the median daily ammonia concentration for all afterno…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 104 >> Researchers at Purdue University compared human real-time scheduling in a processing environment to an automated approach that utilizes computerized robots and sensing devices (IEEE Transactions, Mar. 1993). The experiment consisted of eight simulated scheduling problems. Each task was performed by a human scheduler and by the automated system. Performance was measured by the throughput rate, defi
Answer Preview: Researchers at Purdue University compared human real-time scheduling in a processing environment to …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 55 >> Refer to The American Ceramic Society Bulletin (Feb. 2005) evaluation of commercial bricks used in smelter pots, Exercise 10.9. a. Find a 95% prediction interval for the apparent porosity percentage y of a brick with a mean pore diameter of x = 10 micrometers. Interpret the result.b. Will a 95% confidence interval for the mean porosity percentage, E( y), when x = 10 micrometers be wider or narrowe
Answer Preview: To find the 95 prediction interval for the apparent porosity percentage of a brick with a mean pore diameter of x 10 micrometers we will use the data provided in Exercise 10 9 Let s begin by organizin…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 67 >> Suppose a random variable Y has a probability distribution given byFind the value of c that makes f(y) a density function. Transcribed Image Text: AY) = {cy'e-/2 if y > 0 f(Y) = elsewhere
Answer Preview: For the given probability distribution F Y the corresp…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 82 >> Many temperate-zone animal species exhibit physiological and morphological changes when the hours of daylight begin to decrease during autumn months. A study was conducted to investigate the “short day” traits of collared lemmings (The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Sept. 1993). A total of 124 lemmings were bred in a colony maintained with a photoperiod of 22 hours of light per day. At weaning (
Answer Preview: a ANOVA table for the experiment Source of Variation Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 110 >> Environmental Science & Technology (Oct. 1993) reported on a study of contaminated soil in The Netherlands. A total of 72 400-gram soil specimens were sampled, dried, and analyzed for the contaminant cyanide. The cyanide concentration (milligrams per kilogram of soil) of each soil specimen was determined using an infrared microscopic method. The sample resulted in a mean cyanide level of y? = 84 m
Answer Preview: hence, true mean cyanide level in soil in The …

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, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 53 >> The distributional pattern of pulmonated slugs inhabiting Libya was studied in the AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (Aug. 2003). The number of slugs of a certain species found in the survey area was modeled using the negative binomial distribution. Assume that the probability of observing a slug of a certain species (say, Milax rusticus) in the survey area is .2. Let Y represent the number
Answer Preview: a The probability distribution for Y is a Negative Binomial Distribution wi…

, Chapter: 14 -Probl