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Chapter: 2 -Problem: 13 >> Elizabeth Greico and her colleagues (2012) analyzed U.S. Census data on foreign-born individuals by country of origin and age for 2010. The data are presented in the table with row percentages totaling 100% (approximately).1. Describe the relationship between immigrant age and country of origin. 2. Construct a graph that best displays these data.
Answer Preview: Relationship between Immigrant Age and Country of Origin: Based on the provided table, we can observe the relationship between immigrant age and count…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 3 >> Let’s examine the relationship between a country’s gross national product (GNP) and the percentage of respondents willing to pay higher prices for goods to protect the environment. The following table displays information for five countries selected at random. 1. Calculate the correlation coefficient between a country’s GNP and the percentage of its residents willing to pay higher prices to protec
Answer Preview: ANSWER To calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to use the formula: r = (NXY - XY) / sqrt((…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 13 >> In 2014, GSS respondents (N = 950) were asked whether homosexual relations were wrong. The data show that 40% believed that homosexual relations were always wrong, while 49% believed that homosexual relations were not wrong at all. 1. For each reported percentage, calculate the 95% confidence interval. 2. Approximately 10% of GSS respondents were in the middle, some saying that homosexual relation
Answer Preview: Answer) As the sample size is large enough, we can use standard normal z table to e…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 5 >> We test the hypothesis that as an individual’s years of education increases, the individual will have fewer children. Based on a subsample from the GSS 2014, we present a scatterplot and regression output for the variables EDUC and CHILDS. Interpret the results. Transcribed Image Text: R Linear=0.04
Answer Preview: Scatter plot shows a very week relationship between the varia…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 6 >> Amy Stauffer and her colleagues (2006) examined the interactive effects of victim race and gender on capital murder death sentence outcomes in North Carolina. Their analysis is based on sentences rendered from 1979 to 2002. Demographic statistics are presented in the following table. Row percentages equal 100%.Describe the relationship between victim race and gender, separately and combined (an in
Answer Preview: Based on the data provided, there seems to be an interaction effect between victim race and gender o…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 9 >> Education data (measured in years) from the ISSP 2014 are presented below for four countries. Calculate the 90% confidence interval for each country. Transcribed Image Text: Country Mean Standard Deviation N France 14.12 5.73 975 Japan 12.48 2.53 528 Croatia 12.18 2.71 480 Turkey 9.15 11.98 783
Answer Preview: Confidence interval (CI) = X - Z(S/n) (Lower limit) and X…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 2 >> The elderly are characterized as being more politically engaged than younger individuals. We will test this relationship by examining the relationship between RAGE (age categories) and CNTCTGOV (how often have you contacted a politician or civil servant) based on GSS 2014 data.1. Which is the independent variable? 2. How would you describe the relationship between the two variables? 3. What might
Answer Preview: ANSWER 1. The independent variable in this analysis is RAGE (recoded age categories). 2. Based on th…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 5 >> GSS 2014 respondents were asked to rate their agreement to the statement, “Immigrants were good for America”. Results are provided in the table below for the percentage in each category by political party. Do these data support the statement that people’s views on immigration are related to their political party affiliation? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: Yes, the data supports the statement that peoples views on immigration are related to their politica…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 1 >> The following GSS 2014 frequency distribution presents information about people’s self-evaluations of their lives, based on three categories: (1) exciting, (2) routine, and (3) dull.1. Find the mode. 2. Find the median. 3. Interpret the mode and the median. 4. Why would you not want to report the mean for this variable? Tr
Answer Preview: Given: Exciting- 355 Routine- 379 Dull - 46 …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 13 >> We present data from the 2014 International Social Survey Programme for five European countries. The average number of completed years of education, standard deviations, and sample size are reported in the table. Assuming that each data are normally distributed, for each country, calculate the number of years of education that corresponds to the 95th percentile.
Answer Preview: To calculate the number of years of education that corresponds to the 95th percentile for each count…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 8 >> The GSS 2014 included a series of questions about what it takes to be a good citizen. Respondents were asked to be a good citizen how important was it “to help people in America who are worse off than yourself” (HELPUSA) and “to help people in the rest of the world who are worse off than yourself” (HELPWRLD). Answers were measured on a 7-point scale:1 = not important at all to 7 = very important.
Answer Preview: Solution: We are given a level of significance or alpha value as 0 05. We have to check the signific…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 11 >> We examine the relationship between satisfaction with one’s finances and agreement to the statement, “Immigrants take jobs away from people born in America” as measured in the GSS 2014. Responses to the immigrant statement (IMMJOBS) are measured on an ordinal scale: 1 = strongly agree, 2 = agree, 3 = neither, 4 = disagree, and 5 = strongly disagree. Does agreement to the statement vary by how sati
Answer Preview: 1. To test the null hypothesis of equal means, we can conduct an ANOVA test. From the given descript…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 11 >> According to a 2014 survey by the Pew Research Center, 18% of registered Republicans and 15% of registered Democrats follow political candidates on social media. These data are based on a national survey of 446 registered Republicans and 522 registered Democrats. What is the 95% confidence interval for the percentage of Republicans who follow political candidates on social media? The 95% confidenc
Answer Preview: Provide the interval, and the point estimate. According to a …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 7 >> GSS 2014 respondents were asked, “Some people say the following things are important for being truly American. Others say they are not important. How important do you think each of the following is—to be a Christian?” Responses were measured on a 4-point scale: 1 = very important, 2 = fairly important, 3 = not very important, and 4 = not important at all. Those with a high school degree had an ave
Answer Preview: Solution:- 1 = 2 35, s 1 = 1 21, n 1 = 189 2 = 3 05, s 2 = 1 05, n 2 = 61 State the hypotheses. The …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 1 >> We discovered that 1,001 GSS 2014 respondents watched television for an average of 2.94 hours per day, with a standard deviation of 2.60 hours. Answer the following questions assuming the distribution of the number of television hours is normal. 1. What is the Z score for a person who watches more than 8 hours per day? 2. What proportion of people watch television less than 5 hours per day? How ma
Answer Preview: as we know that z score =(X-mean)/std devia…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 7 >> Based on the following SPSS output describe the regression model for educational attainment and amount of money given to charity based on GSS 2014. 1. Assess the significance of the overall model based on its F and p values. What is the relationship between the two variables? 2. Calculate the predicted charitable amount for a respondent with 14 years of education and for a respondent with 20 years
Answer Preview: 1. The regression model includes one predictor variable, which is the highest year of school complet…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 2 >> Income inequality in the United States is a complex matter, and people have diverse and conflicting ideas on how to best address it. For this exercise, we present GSS 2014 SPSS analysis of political party identification and the variable HELPPOOR, which measures support of the statement whether the government in Washington should do everything possible to improve the standard of living of all poor
Answer Preview: A NSWER 1 .According to the table, out of the 303 Democrats surveyed, 69 indicated government actio…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 3 >> Determine the level of measurement for each of the following variables: 1. The number of people in your statistics class 2. The percentage of students who are first-generation college students at your school 3. The name of each academic major offered in your college 4. The rating of the overall quality of a textbook, on a scale from “Excellent” to “Poor” 5. The type of transportation a person take
Answer Preview: 1. The number of people in your statistics class: Ratio level …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 12 >> We revisit Katherine Purswell, Ani Yazedjian, and Michelle Toews’ (2008) research regarding the relationship between academic intentions (intention to perform specific behaviors related to learning engagement and positive academic behaviors), parental support, and peer support and self-reported academic behaviors (e.g., speaking in class, completed assignments on time during their freshman year) o
Answer Preview: ANSWER 1 Group 2 (students with at least one parent with college experience but no degree) has the most significant correlations among the three groups. This can be observed from the correlation coeff…

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, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 8 >> We’ll examine the results of the 2014–2015 SAT math exam with a mean of 501 and standard deviation of 117, as reported in Table 5.1. 1. What percentage of seniors scored lower than 300 on the math SAT? 2. What percentage scored between 600 and 700 points? 3. Your score is 725. What is your percentile rank?Table 5.1 Transcr
Answer Preview: ANSWER 1. To answer this question, we need to find the z-score corresponding to a score of 300 on th…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 3 >> We selected a sample of 30 International Social Science Programme respondents, noting their educational status (no degree, secondary degree, and university degree) and their level of church attendance (0 = never, 1 = infrequently, and 2 = two to three times per month or more). Is there a relationship between educational attainment and church attendance? Complete the five-step model for these data,
Answer Preview: Step1 H0: Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship between educational attainment and chuch attende…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 3 >> One of your classmates argues that attitudes about homosexuality influence political views. The classmate hypothesizes that those who believe homosexual relations are wrong tend to be more conservative compared with those who do not think that homosexual relations are wrong. Use these GSS 2014 data to test your classmate’s hypothesis.1. Based on your classmate’s argument, what is the dependent var
Answer Preview: 1. Based on your classmate's argument, the dependent variable is political views, while the independ…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 7 >> Adela García-Aracil (2007) identified how several factors affected the earnings of young European higher education graduates. Based on data from several EU (European Union) countries, her statistical models included the following variables: annual income (actual dollars), gender (male or female), the number of hours worked per week (actual hours), and years of education (actual years) for each gra
Answer Preview: 1. Dependent variable : Annual Income …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 1 >> We present data for 20 men and women. In addition to measuring respondent’s sex (M = male, F = female), we also measured their home ownership status (O = own, R = rent), and fear of walking alone at night (Y = yes, N = no).1. Construct a bivariate table of frequencies for sex and fear of walking alone at night. Which is the independent variable? 2. Calculate percentages for the table based on the
Answer Preview: Bivariate Table of Frequencies for Sex and Fear of Walking Alone at Night Fear (Y/N) Total Sex Y N M 2 4 F 5 3 Total 7 7 In Table 1, "Sex" is the inde…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 12 >> Using GSS 2014 data, we take another look at BUYPOL, buying products for political, ethical, and environmental reasons. Earlier in this chapter, we examined the relationship with political party identification and BUYPOL, finding no significant relationship between the variables. Here we identify social class (CLASS) as the independent variable and BUYPOL as the dependent. SPSS Anova results are p
Answer Preview: Part a From given SPSS output, we have P-value = 0 038 = 0 05 …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 5 >> Why do you think men and women, on average, do not earn the same amount of money? Develop your own theory to explain the difference. Use three independent variables in your theory, with annual income as your dependent variable. Construct hypotheses to link each independent variable with your dependent variable.
Answer Preview: Independent variable causes an effect on the depende…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 6 >> As reported in Table 5.1, the mean SAT reading score was 485 with a standard deviation of 110 in 2014–2015. 1. What percentage of students scored above 625? 2. What percentage of students scored between 400 and 625? 3. A college decides to liberalize its admission policy. As a first step, the admissions committee decides to exclude student applicants scoring below the 20th percentile on the readin
Answer Preview: Part a) X ~ N ( = 485 , = 110 ) P ( X > 625 ) = 1 - P ( X < 625 ) Standardizing the …

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, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 4 >> GSS 2014 respondents were asked, “Some people say the following things are important for being truly American. Others say they are not important. How important do you think each of the following is—to be a Christian?” Responses were measured on a 4-point scale: very important, fairly important, not very important, and not important at all.1. What is the modal category? 2. Calculate the median cate
Answer Preview: 1. The modal category is the category with the highest frequency. In this case, the category with th…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 6 >> Use this GSS 2014 data to determine whether labor force participation varies by sex. Not all labor categories are shown; some categories are collapsed. Calculate the appropriate measures of central tendency for males and females. Describe their labor force participation rate. Are they similar or different? Use your calculations to support your answer.
Answer Preview: To determine whether labor force participation varies by sex, we need to calculate the labor force p…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 13 >> We examine education (measured in years), age (measured in years), and frequency of religious services (measured on an ordinal scale: 0 = never, 4 = once a month to 8 = more than once a week) for males and females who voted for Barack Obama and John McCain in the 2008 Presidential election. Using the GSS 2014 statistics, describe the characteristics of Obama and McCain voters.
Answer Preview: Based on the provided information, we can describe the characteristics of Obama and McCain voters in …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 8 >> Individuals with higher levels of education tend to delay parenting, having children at an older age in comparison with individuals with lower levels of education. We examine this relationship based on GSS 2014 data. In the following table, the mean, standard deviation, and variance for respondent’s age when first child was born (AGEKDBRN) is reported for five categories (DEGREE). 1. Identify the
Answer Preview: Level of measurement for DEGREE is Ordinal Level of …

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, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 6 >> We present SPSS output examining the relationship between education (measured in years) and television viewing per day (measured in hours) based on a GSS 2014 subsample. We hypothesize that as educational attainment increases, hours of television viewing will decrease, indicating a negative relationship between the two variables. Discuss the significance of the overall model based on F and its p v
Answer Preview: Based on the ANOVA table, the F-statistic for the model is 31 576, with a p-value of .000, indicatin…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 7 >> The standardized IQ test is described as a normal distribution with 100 as the mean score and a 15-point standard deviation. 1. What is the Z score for a score of 150? 2. What percentage of scores are above 150? 3. What percentage of scores fall between 85 and 150? 4. Explain what is meant by scoring in the 95th percentile? What is the corresponding score?
Answer Preview: 1. Z score = 150 + 15 (100 / 100) = 150 2. Percenta…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 11 >> In this exercise, we examine the percentage of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students who reported smoking cigarettes daily in the past 30 days as reported by the Monitoring the Future survey. Data are reported in this time-series graph from 1980 to 2014. Describe the smoking trends for each group of students. Transcribed Im
Answer Preview: 12th grade - At the beginning the group accounts for at …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 13 >> Paul Mazerolle, Alex Piquero, and Robert Brame (2010) examined whether violent onset offenders have distinct career dimensions from offenders whose initial offending involves nonviolence. In this table, the researchers investigate the relationship between gender, race, and age, and nonviolent versus violent onset using chi-square analysis. Their data are based on 1,503 juvenile offenders in Queens
Answer Preview: The table presents the relationship between gender, race, age at first offense, and nonviolent versus violent onset among juvenile offenders in Queens…

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, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 8 >> GSS 2014 respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement to the statement, “Scientific research is necessary and should be supported by the federal government” (ADVFRONT). Responses are crosstabulated by educational attainment (DEGREE). 1. What percentage of those with a graduate degree strongly agree or agree with the statement? 2. Interpret the gamma statistic. 3. Test the null hypothesi
Answer Preview: a. Number of graduate degree strongly agree or agree = 72 Total = 634 Perc…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 4 >> Though 70% of women with children younger than 18 years participate in the labor force, society still upholds the stay-at-home mother as the traditional model. Some believe that employment distracts mothers from their parenting role, affecting the well-being of children. 1. In the GSS 2014, respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement to the statement, “A working mother hurts childr
Answer Preview: answer; 1. The 90% confidence interval for the sta…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 11 >> Based on the Monitoring the Future 2014 survey, we investigate the type of paid work for 8th and 10th graders. Percentages for each category are reported.1. What is the appropriate measure of variability for these variables? Why? 2. Calculate the appropriate measure of variability for each variable. 3. Was there more variability in type of job for 8th or 10th graders? Offer an explanation for your
Answer Preview: 1. The appropriate measure of variability for these variables is the variance, since we have categor…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 5 >> Monitoring the Future is a longitudinal study of the behaviors and attitudes of American secondary school students. Data from the 2014 survey are presented, measuring the frequency of eating breakfast (an indicator of a healthy lifestyle) by student race. The table features a different format, presenting frequencies and percentages in a single column.1. Calculate the median and mode for each racia
Answer Preview: Here median can not be calculated for the given data a…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 9 >> We further explore the relationship between respondent’s education and mother’s education, computing regression models separately for males and females. 1. Calculate the regression equation for each. 2. What is the predicted value of respondent’s education when mother’s education is 20 years? 3. For which gender group is the relationship between respondent’s education and mother’s education strong
Answer Preview: ANSWER Based on the provided information, we have regression models for males and females separately …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 11 >> During the 2016 Democratic Presidential primaries, Secretary Hillary Clinton and Senator Bernie Sanders were criticized for defining the American middle class as any household that makes $250,000 or less a year. At the time, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that the median income was $53,657 and the mean income was $75,738 for 2014. Would you agree or disagree with the Democratic candidates? How wo
Answer Preview: I will not agree with the Democratic candidates. Median is $53,657 and the mean is $ 75,73…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 10 >> We test the same relationship between DEGREE and ATTEND, this time with the GSS 2014 sample of 914 men and women. Test the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the two variables. Set alpha at .05. Transcribed Image Text: attend HOW OFTEN R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES degree RS HIGHES
Answer Preview: Our null hypothesis is H 0 : there is no relationship between …

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, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 12 >> Based on the 2014 MTF survey, we compare social network media usage (measured by an ordinal scale: 1 = none, 2 = less than an hour, 3 = 1–2 hours, 4 = 3–5 hours, 5 = 6–9 hours, 6 = 10–19 hours, 7 = 20–29 hours, 8 = 30–39 hours, and 9 = 40+ hours) between males and females. (Recall that the MTF 2014 is a survey of teens in the 8th, 10th, and 12th grades.) 1. Interpret the group means for males and
Answer Preview: The mean of MALE is 3 60, essestinally meaning 3-5hours The mean of F…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 13 >> The following table reports infant mortality rates for selected countries based on estimates reported in the Central Intelligence Agency’s 2016 World Factbook. Infant morality rates have been associated with the quality of prenatal care and the overall quality of health care provided within a country.1. Calculate the mean and median infant mortalities reported for the 11 countries presented above.
Answer Preview: a. MEAN: MEDIAN: As it is a non frequency data so the middle most value …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 5 >> We report the average years of education for a subsample of GSS 2014 respondents by their social class— lower, working, middle, and upper. Standard deviations are also reported for each class.1. Assuming that years of education is normally distributed in the population, what proportion of working-class respondents have 12 to 16 years of education? What proportion of upper-class respondents have 12
Answer Preview: The formulae used to calcul…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 9 >> Daniel Rocke and his colleagues (2014) assessed support of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act among a sample of 647 otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat) physicians. They divided physicians by political party affiliation—Democrat, Other, and Republican (refer to the following table). Is there a relationship between political party affiliation and attitudes toward the Affordable Care A
Answer Preview: null hypothesis:Ho:there is no association between political party affiliation and attitude toward t…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 8 >> SPSS output from the GSS 2014 is presented here, reporting respondents’ ideal number of children.1. Which category contains the 90th percentile? 2. What is the median? 3. What is the mean? Calculate based only on the valid responses. 4. Given your findings, is the distribution symmetrical, positively skewed, or negatively skewed?
Answer Preview: 1. To determine the category containing the 90th percentile, we need to look at the "Cumulative Percent" column. We can see that the cumulative percen…

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, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 3 >> In 2016, the Pew Research Center conducted a survey of 1,004 Canadians and 1,003 Americans to assess their opinion of climate change. The data show that 51% of Canadians and 45% of Americans believe climate change is a very serious problem. 1. Estimate the proportion of all Canadians who believe climate change is a very serious problem at the 95% confidence interval. 2. Estimate the proportion of
Answer Preview: To estimate the proportion of all Canadians who believe climate change is a very serious problem at …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 4 >> An upper-level sociology class has 120 registered students: 34 seniors, 57 juniors, 22 sophomores, and 7 freshmen.1. Imagine that you choose one random student from the classroom (perhaps by using a random number table). What is the probability that the student will be a junior?2. What is the probability that the student will be a freshman?3. If you are asked to select a proportionate stratified s
Answer Preview: 1. The probability that a randomly selected student is a junior is 57/120, or approximately 0 475. 2…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 12 >> The following table presents the number of parolees (per 100,000 people) for 12 of the most populous states as of July 2015.1. Assume that ? = 226.83 for the entire population of 50 states. Calculate and interpret the standard error. (Consider the formula for the standard error. Since we provided the population standard deviation, calculating the standard error requires only minor calculations.) 2
Answer Preview: 1. The formula for the standard error is: SE = / sqrt(n) Where SE is the standard error, is the population standard deviation, and n is the sample siz…

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8 Reviews for Social Statistics For A Diverse Society Textbook Questions And Answers