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Chapter: 3 -Problem: 111 >> Calcium carbide, CaC2, used to produce acetylene, C2H2, is prepared by heating calcium oxide, CaO, and carbon, C, to high temperature.CaO(s) + 3C(s) ? CaC2(s) + CO(g)If a mixture contains 8.49 kg of each reactant, how many grams of calcium carbide can be prepared?
Answer Preview: For CaO 3C CaC 2 CO find the limiting reactant in terms of m…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 13 >> What kind of information does a wave function give about an electron in an atom?
Answer Preview: The square of a wave …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 28 >> Consider the following orderings.I. Al < Si < P < SII. Be < Mg < Ca < SrIII. I < Br < Cl < FWhich of these give(s) a correct trend in atomic size?a. I onlyb. II onlyc. III onlyd. I and II onlye. II and III only
Answer Preview: The …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 118 >> An antacid tablet has calcium carbonate as the active ingredient; other ingredients include a starch binder. You dissolve the tablet in hydrochloric acid and filter off insoluble material. You add potassium oxalate to the filtrate (containing calcium ion) to precipitate calcium oxalate. If a tablet weighing 0.750 g gave 0.629 g of calcium oxalate, what is the mass percentage of active ingredient i
Answer Preview: First calculate the grams of CaCO 3 The…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 93 >> Methanol, CH3OH, is prepared industrially from the gas-phase catalytic balanced reaction that has been depicted here using molecular models. In a laboratory test, a reaction vessel was filled with 41.1 g CO and 10.2 g H2. How many grams of methanol would be produced in a complete reaction? Which reactant remains unconsumed at the end of the reaction? How many grams of it remain?
Answer Preview: First determine whether CO or H 2 is the limiting reactant by calculatin…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 92 >> How many milliliters of 0.250 M KMnO4 are needed to react with 3.55 g of iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4? The reaction is as follows: Transcribed Image Text: 10FESO,(aq) + 2KMNO,(aq) + 8H,SO,(aq) ? 5Fe,(SO4);(aq) + 2MNSO,(aq) + K,SO,(aq) + 8H,O(1)
Answer Preview: The reaction is 10FeSO4 2KMnO4 8HSO4 …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 144 >> From the following written description, write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction including state symbols. A diatomic gaseous molecule that contains 17 protons per atom is reacted with a solid element that has an atomic number of 19 to yield an ionic compound.
Answer Preview: Cl …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 135 >> Write the electron-dot formula for the nitrous acid molecule, H—O—N—O (bond lines are drawn only to show how the atoms are bonded, not the multiplicity of the bonds). The experimental values for the nitrogenoxygen bonds in this molecule are 120 pm and 146 pm. Assign these values to the N—O bonds in the nitrous acid molecule. Explain how you arrived at your answer.
Answer Preview: The total number of electrons in HONO is 1 2 6 5 18 Assume a skeleton structure as given in the prob…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 47 >> What hybrid orbitals would be expected for the central atom in each of the following molecules or ions? Transcribed Image Text: Cl F a b.
Answer Preview: a SF 2 is a bent molecule Th…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 131 >> Draw resonance formulas of the phosphoric acid molecule, (HO)3PO. Obtain formal charges for the atoms in these resonance formulas. From this result, which resonance formula would you expect to most closely approximate the actual electron distribution?
Answer Preview: Total valence electrons 3 1 5 4 6 32 The skeleton is Distribute t…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 7 >> What is the angle between two sp3 hybrid orbitals?
Answer Preview: The…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 18 >> What is the coordination number of Cs+ in CsCl? of Na+ in NaCl? of Zn2+ in ZnS?
Answer Preview: The coordination number of …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 126 >> Which of the following molecules possesses a double bond? If none do, so state. Which species has an atom with a nonzero formal charge?a. I2 b. SF4 c. COCl2 d. C2H4 e. CN?
Answer Preview: Both c COCl 2 and …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 47 >> Without looking at Table 9.3, arrange the following in order of increasing ionic radius: As3?, Se2?, Br?. Explain how you arrived at this order. Transcribed Image Text: Table 9.3 lonic Radii (in pm) of Some Main-Group Elements Period 1A 2A ?? 6A 7A 2 Lit 2+ O2- F- 60 31 140 136 3 Na+ Mg?+ A3+ S2- Cl
Answer Preview: Br Se 2 As 3 These ions are members of a…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 46 >> Molybdenum compounds give a yellowish-green flame test. The atomic emission responsible for this color has a wavelength of 551 nm. Obtain the energy of a single photon of this wavelength.
Answer Preview: Recognize that 551 nm 551 10 9 m 5 …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 30 >> Using solubility rules, predict the solubility in water of the following ionic compounds.a. Al(OH)3b. Ca3N2c. NH4Cld. KOH
Answer Preview: a Insolu…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 102 >> A metallic element reacts vigorously with water, evolving hydrogen gas. An excited atom of this element has its outer electron in the 3p orbital. When this electron drops to its ground state in the 3s orbital, light is emitted of wavelength 589 nm. What is the identity of the element? Explain how you arrived at your answer. What is the color of the emitted light?
Answer Preview: All alkali metals and some alkaline earth metals are known t…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 42 >> Classify each of the following as a strong or weak acid or base.a. NH3b. HCNOc. Mg(OH)2d. HClO3
Answer Preview: a Weak bas…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 82 >> Nickel(II) chloride reacts with sodium phosphate to precipitate nickel(II) phosphate.3NiCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) ? Ni3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq)How many moles of nickel(II) chloride are needed to produce 0.715 mol nickel(II) phosphate?
Answer Preview: By inspecting the balanced equation obtain a conversio…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 1 >> Which of the following would you expect to be strong electrolytes when placed in water?NH4Cl    MgBr2     H2O    HCl     Ca3(PO4)2    CH3OHWhich of the statements below support the answers you chose above? (Pick as many as apply.)a. Ionic compounds always produce a significant number of ions in aqueous solution.b. A molecular compound can be either a weak electrolyte or a nonelectrolyte.c. Soluble
Answer Preview: Of the six compounds only NH 4 Cl MgBr 2 and HCl are strong …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 104 >> The densities (in g/cm3) of some elements in Period 5 that span indium, In, are as follows: Ag, 10.49; Cd, 8.65; Sn, 7.31; and Sb, 6.68. Plot the density of each element against its atomic number. Using the graph, estimate the density of indium. Calculate the percentage error between the value estimated from the graph and the accepted value of 7.31 g/cm3.
Answer Preview: Plotting the atomic number on the x axis and density on the y axis gives the follow…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 17 >> What is the notation for the subshell in which n = 4 and l = 3? How many orbitals are in this subshell?
Answer Preview: The notatio…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 63 >> Using periodic trends, arrange the following elements by increasing ionization energy: Ar, Na, Cl, Al.
Answer Preview: Ionization energy incre…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 90 >> Calculate the rms speed of Br2 molecules at 23°C and 1.00 atm. What is the rms speed of Br2 at 23°C and 2.00 atm?
Answer Preview: Substitute 296 K 23C into Maxwell s distri…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 85 >> What property of an atom does nuclear magnetic resonance depend on? What frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum does NMR use?
Answer Preview: Nuclear magnetic resonan…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 38 >> The barometric pressure measured outside an airplane at 9 km (30,000 ft) was 266 torr. Calculate the pressure in kPa.
Answer Preview: Use the conversion factors 1 torr …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 5 >> List the orbitals in order of increasing orbital energy up to and including 3p orbitals.
Answer Preview: The orbitals in order of increasing energy …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 2 >> What is the mathematical relationship among the different characteristics of light waves? State the meaning of each of the terms in the equation.
Answer Preview: The relationship among the d…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 48 >> Selenium atoms have a particular transition that emits light of frequency 1.53 × 1015 Hz. (Hz is the abbreviation for hertz, which is equivalent to the unit/s, or s?1.) Is this light in the visible spectrum? If so, what is the color of the light?
Answer Preview: First calculate the wavelength of this transition from the frequency usi…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 43 >> a. The molecule AsF3 has a dipole moment of 2.59 D. Which of the following geometries are possible: trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, or T-shaped? b. The molecule H2S has a dipole moment of 0.97 D. Is the geometry linear or bent?
Answer Preview: a Trigonal pyramidal and T …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 60 >> At what speed must a neutron travel to have a wavelength of 10.6 pm?
Answer Preview: The mass of a neutron equals 1 67493 10 27 kg The wave…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 39 >> Use Figure 11.7 to estimate the boiling point of diethyl ether, (C2H5)2O, under an external pressure of 470 mmHg. Transcribed Image Text: 800 760 700 Chloroform- 600 500 400 Diethyl ether 300 200 Water 100 Carbon tetrachloride -20 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (°C) Vapor pressure (mmHg)
Answer Preview: Dropping a line from the inte…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 60 >> According to your calculations, a reaction should yield 5.67 g of oxygen, O2. What do you expect the volume to be at 23°C and 0.894 atm?
Answer Preview: Calculate the moles of oxygen and t…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 18 >> Which of the following molecular geometries does the XeF5+ cation exhibit?a. Tetradralb. T-shapedc. Octahedrald. Square pyramidale. Trigonal bipyramidal
Answer Preview: The an…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 130 >> Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a poisonous acid that has been used in the treatment of wood to prevent insect damage. Arsenic acid has three acidic protons. Say you take a 25.00-mL sample of arsenic acid and prepare it for titration with NaOH by adding 25.00 mL of water. The complete neutralization of this solution requires the addition of 53.07 mL of 0.6441 M NaOH solution. Write the balanced chemical
Answer Preview: The balanced molecular equation is H 3 …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 54 >> Assuming that the atoms form the normal number of covalent bonds, give the molecular formula of the simplest compound of germanium and fluorine atoms.
Answer Preview: Germanium is in Group 4A on the periodic table and …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 94 >> At what temperature does the rms speed of O2 molecules equal 475. m/s?
Answer Preview: Substitute 475 m s into the Maxwell dis…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 42 >> Write the electron configurations of Sn and Sn2+.
Answer Preview: Sn Kr 4d 10 5s 2 5…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 44 >> Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is produced during decomposition of organic matter. When 0.5000 mol H2S burns to produce SO2(g) and H2O(l), –281.0 kJ of heat is released. What is this heat in kilocalories?
Answer Preview: The heat released in …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 24 >> An element crystallizes with a simple cubic lattice with atoms at all the lattice points. If the radius of the atom is 200. pm, what is the volume of the unit cell?a. 8.00 × 106 pm3b. 6.40 × 107 pm3c. 4.00 × 104 pm3d. 1.60 × 105 pm3e. 6.00 × 107 pm3
Answer Preview: The an…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 21 >> Of the following possible transitions of an electron in a hydrogen atom, which emits light of the highest energy?a. Transition from the n = 1 to the n = 3 levelb. Transition from the n = 1 to the n = 2 levelc. Transition from the n = 3 to the n = 1 leveld. Transition from the n = 2 to the n = 1 levele. Transition from the n = 5 to the n = 4 level
Answer Preview: The answer …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 91 >> Assume X has a body-centered cubic lattice with all atoms at the lattice points. The edge length of the unit cell is 379.0 pm. The atomic mass of X is 195.0 amu. Calculate the density of X.
Answer Preview: Calculate the volume from the edge 379 0 pm 3 790 10 8 cm Use it to cal…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 72 >> How many milliliters of 0.126 M HClO4 (perchloric acid) are required to give 0.150 mol HClO4?
Answer Preview: 0 150 mol HC10…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 15 >> Describe the distinguishing characteristics of a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid.
Answer Preview: A crystalline solid has …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 38 >> Write the molecular equation and the net ionic equation for each of the following aqueous reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR after the arrow.a. AgNO3 + NaI ?b. Ba(NO3)2 + K2SO4 ?c. NH4NO3 + K2SO4 ?d. LiCl + Al(NO3)3 ?
Answer Preview: a AgNO 3 aq NaI aq AgI s NaNO 3 aq A…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 56 >> With the aid of a periodic table (not Figure 9.15), arrange the following in order of increasing electronegativity:a. Li, Na, Cs b. B, Be, Li c. S, Se, Cl Transcribed Image Text: Increasing electronegativity H 2.1 F N 4.0 C 3.5 B 3.0 Li Be 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 CI Al Si 3.0 Na Mg 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.2 B
Answer Preview: a Cs Na Li Electronegativity increases from bottom …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 106 >> The density of air at 20°C and 1.00 atm is 1.205 g/L. If this air were compressed at the same temperature to equal the pressure at 50.0 m below sea level, what would be its density? Assume the barometric pressure is constant at 1.00 atm. The density of seawater is 1.025 g/cm3.
Answer Preview: The volume of 1 m 2 of the 50 0 m of water above the air is 50 0 m 3 …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 17 >> According to the VSEPR model, the HiPiH bond angle in PH3 isa. 120° b. 109.5° c. 90°d. A little less than 120° e. A little less than 109.5°
Answer Preview: The answ…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 78 >> Describe how you would prepare 2.50 × 102 mL of 0.50 M Na2SO4. What mass (in grams) of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, is needed?
Answer Preview: Multiply the desired volume of solution by the mola…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 3 >> Bromine trifluoride, BrF3, has a nonzero dipole moment. Indicate which of the following geometries are consistent with this information: a. Trigonal planar; b. Trigonal pyramidal; c. T-shaped.
Answer Preview: Both trigonal pyramidal b and T sha…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 78 >> Nitric acid is produced from nitrogen monoxide, NO, which in turn is prepared from ammonia by the Ostwald process:4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ? 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)What volume of oxygen at 35°C and 2.15 atm is needed to produce 100.0 g of nitrogen monoxide?
Answer Preview: Use the equation to obtain the moles of ammonia a…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 127 >> Which of the following molecules contains only double bonds? If none do, so state.a. NCCN b. CO2 c. C2H4 d. O3 e. N2
Answer Preview: Only b …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 145 >> A 275-mL sample of CO gas is collected over water at 31oC and 755 mmHg. If the temperature of the gas collection apparatus rises to 39oC, what is the new volume of the sample? Assume that the barometric pressure does not change.
Answer Preview: First we will need the vapor pressure of water at 31 o C and 39 o C Table 5 6 gives values …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 121 >> Which of the following are isoelectronic with the potassium ion, K+? What are the electron configurations of these species?a. Ar b. Cl+ c. Kr d. Cl- e. Ca+
Answer Preview: Both a Ar and d Cl are is…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 45 >> A sample of nitrogen gas at 17°C and 760 mmHg has a volume of 8.06 mL. What is the volume at –?9°C and 1 atm of pressure?
Answer Preview: Use Charles s law T …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 108 >> The elements in Problem 11.107 form the fluorides AlF3, SiF4, PF3, and SF4. In each case, identify the type of solid formed by the fluoride. Problem 11.107Consider the elements Al, Si, P, and S from the third row of the periodic table. In each case, identify the type of solid the element would form.
Answer Preview: AlF 3 forms a…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 138 >> How many grams of precipitate are formed if 175 mL of a 0.750 M aluminum sulfate solution and 375 mL of a 1.15 M sodium hydroxide solution are mixed together?
Answer Preview: When the two given solutions are mixed the following displacement rea…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 148 >> A cubic unit cell is found to have calcium ions at the corners, a titanium atom in the center of the cell, and oxide ions at the center of each face. What is the empirical formula of this compound?
Answer Preview: The Ca 2 ions occupy each corner in the unit cell each ion con…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 123 >> If the rms speed of NH3 molecules is found to be 0.600 km/s, what is the temperature (in degrees Celsius)?
Answer Preview: Use Maxwell s distribution to c…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 151 >> How much heat is needed to vaporize 39.6 mL of liquid hydrogen cyanide, HCN, at 25.0°C? The density of the liquid is 0.687 g/mL. Use standard heats of formation, which are given in Appendix C.
Answer Preview: Calculate the moles of HCN in 39 6 mL of the solution densi…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 89 >> What volume of 0.230 M HNO3 (nitric acid) reacts with 49.0 mL of 0.330 M Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) in the following reaction?2HNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ? 2NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Answer Preview: Using molarity convert the volume of Na 2 CO 3 to moles …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 117 >> Which of the following Lewis symbols is (or are) not correct? Transcribed Image Text: [ Al·]** [:F:]- a [:0:1²- b C d Mg eSi.
Answer Preview: Structure a is inco…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 110 >> An aqueous solution contains 3.75 g of iron(III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3, per liter. What is the molarity of Fe2(SO4)3? When the compound dissolves in water, the Fe3+ ions and SO42- ions in the crystal go into the solution. What is the molar concentration of each ion in the solution?
Answer Preview: Divide the mass of Fe 2 SO 4 3 by its molar mass and volume to fi…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 124 >> Using the ionic radii given in Table 9.3, estimate the energy to form a mole of Na+F- ion pairs from the corresponding atomic ions. Transcribed Image Text: Table 9.3 lonic Radii (in pm) of Some Main-Group Elements Period 1A 2A ?? 6A 7A 2 Lit 2+ O?- F- 60 31 140 136 3 Na+ Mg²+ Al3+ S?- Cl- 95 65 50
Answer Preview: r Na 95 pm r F 136 pm d ion pair r Na r F 95 pm 136 pm …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 70 >> A sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, weighing 1.200 g is placed in a 100.0-mL volumetric flask, which is then filled to the mark with water. What is the molarity of the solution?
Answer Preview: Find the number of moles of solute H 2 C 2 O 4 us…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 52 >> What mass of solution containing 6.50% sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, by mass contains 1.75 g Na2SO4?
Answer Preview: Multiply the mass of sodium sulfa…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 82 >> Calculate the total pressure (in atm) of a mixture of 0.0300 mol of helium, He, and 0.0400 mol of oxygen, O2, in a 4.00-L flask at 20°C. Assume ideal gas behavior
Answer Preview: Calculate the partial pressure of each gas then add the press…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 20 >> What is the bond order of NO?a. 1/2b. 1 c. 3/2 d. 3 e. 5/2
Answer Preview: The…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 80 >> A chemist wants to prepare 0.75 M HCl. Commercial hydrochloric acid is 12.4 M. How many milliliters of the commercial acid does the chemist require to make up 1.50 L of the dilute acid?
Answer Preview: Use the rearranged version of …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 41 >> Write the electron configurations of Bi and Bi3+.
Answer Preview: Bi Xe 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 50 >> Calculate the frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the hydrogen atom in the electron transition from n = 6 to n = 3.
Answer Preview: Solve the equation E R H n 2 for both E 6 and E 3 equate to h and solve for I…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 68 >> Write resonance descriptions for the following:a. CINO2 b. NO2-
Answer Preview: a With formal charges included there are three possible resonance structures for ClNO 2 One …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 114 >> An aqueous solution contains 3.75% NH3 (ammonia) by mass. The density of the aqueous ammonia is 0.979 g/mL. What is the molarity of NH3 in the solution?
Answer Preview: Assume a volume of 1 000 L 1000 mL for the 3 7…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 153 >> How much heat must be added to 28.0 g of solid white phosphorus, P4, at 24.0°C to give the liquid at its melting point, 44.1°C? The heat capacity of solid white phosphorus is 95.4 J/(K??mol); its heat of fusion is 2.63 kJ/mol.
Answer Preview: First convert the mass to moles Then multiply by the …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 111 >> A radioactive metal atom decays (goes to another kind of atom) by emitting an alpha particle (He2+ ion). The alpha particles are collected as helium gas. A sample of helium with a volume of 9.050 mL was obtained at 765 mmHg and 23°C. How many atoms decayed during the period of the experiment?
Answer Preview: Use the ideal gas law to calculate the moles of helium and co…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 84 >> Which of the following two compounds has the shorter carbon–oxygen bond? Transcribed Image Text: H :0: ?-?—?—? ?-?—? H Methanol Formaldehyde
Answer Preview: Formaldehyde has a shorter car…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 137 >> Nitric acid can be reacted with zinc according to the following chemical equation.4HNO3(aq) + Zn(s) ? Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2NO2(g)If 3.75 g of Zn is added to 175 mL of 0.500 M HNO3, what mass of NO2 would be produced by the chemical reaction?
Answer Preview: This is a limiting reagent problem Using the balanced chemical equation we firs…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 3 >> Why is a lone pair expected to occupy an equatorial position instead of an axial position in the trigonal bipyramidal arrangement?
Answer Preview: A lone pair is larger than a bon…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 40 >> You fill a balloon with helium gas to a volume of 2.68 L at 23°C and 789 mmHg. Now you release the balloon. What would be the volume of helium if its pressure changed to 499 mmHg but the temperature were unchanged?
Answer Preview: A taxpayer may request a jury trial only bef…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 60 >> Indicate the partial charges for the bonds given in Problem 9.58, using the symbols ?+ and ?-. Problem 9.58Decide which of the following bonds is least polar on the basis of electronegativities of atoms: Cl—H, S—Si, Br—As.
Answer Preview: The atom with the g…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 65 >> Butane, C4H10, is an easily liquefied gaseous fuel. Calculate the density of butane gas at 0.857 atm and 22°C. Give the answer in grams per liter.
Answer Preview: Calculate the mass of 1 L exact number using …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 49 >> What hybrid orbitals would be expected for the central atom in each of the following molecules or ions? a. SeI2 b. NO3- c. BeCl2 d. ClO4-
Answer Preview: a SeI 2 is a bent molecule The Se atom is sp 3 …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 48 >> An experiment called for 4.83 L of sulfur dioxide, SO2, at 0°C and 1.00 atm. What would be the volume of this gas at 29°C and 1.00 atm?
Answer Preview: Use Charles s law T …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 67 >> Methane, CH4, reacts with chlorine, Cl2, to produce a series of chlorinated hydrocarbons: methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Which compound has the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? Explain.
Answer Preview: CH 3 Cl has the highest vapor pressure because it has …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 110 >> Saccharin, HC7H4NO3S, is a well-known sweetener. It is a weak acid, and as the sweetener, it is generally supplied as the sodium salt. Here is the structural formula for the saccharin molecule. From the structural formula, decide which H atom is acidic. What is the basis for your decision. Transcribed Image Text:
Answer Preview: Because N is more electronegative than C …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 46 >> For each of the following, write the molecular equation, including phase labels. Then write the net ionic equation. Note that the salts formed in these reactions are soluble.a. The neutralization of lithium hydroxide solution by aqueous chloric acidb. The reaction of barium hydroxide solution and aqueous nitrous acidc. The reaction of sodium hydroxide solution and aqueous nitrous acidd. The neutra
Answer Preview: a HClO 3 aq LiOH aq H 2 O l LiClO 3 aq H aq OH aq H 2 …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 4 >> Describe how you could liquefy the following gases: a. Methyl chloride, CH3Cl (critical point, 144°C, 66 atm);b. Oxygen, O2 (critical point, ?119°C, 50 atm).
Answer Preview: a Liquefy methyl chloride …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 25 >> The equation for the combustion of 2 mol of butane can be written2C4H10(g) + O2(g) ? 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g); ?H < OWhich of the following produces the least heat?a. Burning 1 mol of butane.b. Reacting 1 mol of oxygen with excess butane.c. Burning enough butane to produce 1 mol of carbon dioxide.d. Burning enough butane to produce 1 mol of water.e. All of the above reactions (a, b, c, and d) produce th
Answer Preview: The answer is D because here and in this the ratio of combustion of …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 110 >> A volume of air is taken from the earth’s surface, at 19°C and 1.00 atm, to the stratosphere, where the temperature is –?21°C and the pressure is 1.00 × 10–3 atm. By what factor is the volume increased?
Answer Preview: Let V i 1 volume vol in the combined gas …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 97 >> Describe the molecular orbital configurations of C2+, C2, and C22–. What are the bond orders of these species? Arrange the three species by increasing bond length. Arrange the species by increasing bond enthalpy. Explain these arrangements of bond length and bond enthalpy.
Answer Preview: Total electrons for C 2 2 6 12 The molecular orbital configuration …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 131 >> The rate constant for a certain reaction is 1.4 × 10?5 M?1 min?1 at 483 K. The activation energy for the reaction is 2.11 × 103 J/mol. What is the rate constant for the reaction at 611 K?
Answer Preview: Use the Arrhenius equation k 2 …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 139 >> You are asked to prepare 0.250 L of a solution that is 0.500 M in nitrate ion. Your only source of nitrate ion is a bottle of 1.00 M calcium nitrate. What volume (mL) of the calcium nitrate solution must you use?
Answer Preview: The key to solving this problem is a sound foundation in chemical nom…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 105 >> A molecular compound is composed of 52.5% Xe, 19.2% O, and 28.3% Cl, by mass. If the molecular weight is 250.2 amu, what is the molecular formula? What is the Lewis formula? Predict the molecular geometry using the VSEPR model.
Answer Preview: After assuming a 100 0 g sample convert to moles Divide by 0 39 9 9 The simple…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 60 >> A reaction of the form aA ? Products is second order with a rate constant of 0.169 L/(mol???s). If the initial concentration of A is 0.159 mol/L, how many seconds would it take for the concentration of A to decrease to 5.50 × 10-3 mol/L?
Answer Preview: The second order integrated rate law is 1 A t kt 1 A o Using a rate const…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 77 >> How many grams of sodium dichromate, Na2Cr2O7, should be added to a 100.0-mL volumetric flask to prepare 0.033 M Na2Cr2O7 when the flask is filled to the mark with water?
Answer Preview: Multiply the volume of solution by molarity t…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 108 >> Use bond enthalpies to estimate ?H for the reaction2F2(g) + N2(g) ? N2F4(g)
Answer Preview: H 2BE FF BE …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 77 >> Dextran is a polymeric carbohydrate produced by certain bacteria. It is used as a blood plasma substitute. An aqueous solution contains 0.587 g of dextran in 106 mL of solution at 21°C. It has an osmotic pressure of 1.45 mmHg. What is the average molecular weight of the dextran?
Answer Preview: Use the equation for osmotic pressure to solve for t…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 18 >> What is the general shape of an s orbital? of a p orbital?
Answer Preview: An s orbital has a spherical sh…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 62 >> Write Lewis formulas for the following molecules:a. BrF b. PBr3 c. NOF
Answer Preview: a Total valence electrons 7 7 14 The skeleton is BrF Distribute th…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 70 >> A solution was prepared by dissolving 0.800 g of sulfur, S8, in 100.0 g of acetic acid, HC2H3O2. Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of the solution.
Answer Preview: Find the molality of the solution first Subs…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 138 >> A given mass of gas occupies a volume of 435 mL at 28°C and 740 mmHg. What will be the new volume at STP?
Answer Preview: Vf PVT P T 74…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 83 >> One of the following compounds has a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 116 pm; the other has a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. Match a bond length with each compound. Transcribed Image Text: H H ?-?—N—? H-C-C=N: H H H Methylamine Acetonitrile
Answer Preview: Methylamine 147 p…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 136 >> A solution is made up by dissolving 18.0 g Na2CO3?10H2O in 100.0 g of water. What is the molality of Na2CO3 in this solution?
Answer Preview: 18 0 g NaCO3 10HO x 1 mol 286 14 g 0 06291 mol NaCO3 …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 126 >> If 45.1 mL of a solution containing 8.30 g of silver nitrate is added to 31.3 mL of 0.511 M sodium carbonate solution, calculate the molarity of silver ion in the resulting solution. (Assume volumes are additive.)
Answer Preview: The balanced molecular equation is 2AgNO 3 aq Na 2 CO 3 aq Ag 2 CO 3 s 2NaNO 3 aq Ca…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 46 >> Which of the following molecules would be expected to have a dipole moment of zero because of symmetry?a. BeBr2 b. H2Se c. AsF3 d. SeF6
Answer Preview: a BeBr 2 has a linear geometry and has no dipo…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 111 >> Consider the acids listed and decide on the basis of their structures how you would order them, from weakest to strongest. Explain your reasoning. Transcribed Image Text: capright 20r Cengaga Leaning Al 2-chloropropanoic acid CH3CHCICOOH 1-chloropropanoic acid CICH,CH2COOH 2,2-dichloropropanoic acid
Answer Preview: The electronegative chlorine atom withdraws electron densi…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 124 >> An antacid tablet contains sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, and inert ingredients. A 0.465-g sample of powdered tablet was mixed with 53.3 mL of 0.190 MHCl (hydrochloric acid). The mixture was allowed to stand until it reacted.NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)The excess hydrochloric acid was titrated with 54.6 mL of 0.128 M NaOH (sodium hydroxide).HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H
Answer Preview: From NaHCO 3 HCl NaCl H 2 O CO 2 and HCl NaOH NaCl H 2 O we write Mol Na…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 4 >> Which of the following would be expected to have a dipole moment of zero on the basis of symmetry? Explain. a. SOCl2 b. SiF4c. OF2
Answer Preview: On the basis of symmetry Si…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 10 >> What is ?G° at 25°C for the reactionSn2+(aq) + 2Hg2+(aq) ? Sn4+(aq) + Hg22+(aq)For data, see Table 19.1. Transcribed Image Text: Table 19.1 Standard Electrode (Reduction) Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25°C Standard Cathode (Reduction) Half-Reaction Potential, E(V) Li*(ag) + e"= Li(s) - 3.04 Na"(
Answer Preview: The half-cell reactions, the corresponding half-ce…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 113 >> Consider the substances arsine, AsH3, and phosphine, PH3, that are analogous to ammonia, NH3. Write chemical equations illustrating the basic character of arsine and phosphine. Write formulas for the ions formed by NH3, AsH3, and PH3 with H+. Order these ions by their acidic character. Explain how you arrived at this order. Now compare the basicities of the substances AsH3, PH3, and NH3, ordering
Answer Preview: The equations for arsine AsH 3 and phosphine PH 3 ac…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 117 >> Liquid oxygen was first prepared by heating potassium chlorate, KClO3, in a closed vessel to obtain oxygen at high pressure. The oxygen was cooled until it liquefied.2KClO3(s) ? 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)If 171 g of potassium chlorate reacts in a 2.70-L vessel, which was initially evacuated, what pressure of oxygen will be attained when the temperature is finally cooled to 25°C? Use the preceding chemical e
Answer Preview: Convert mass to moles of KClO 3 and then use the equation below …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 94 >> Hydrogen azide (also known as hydrazoic acid), HN3, is a covalent molecule in which the hydrogen atom (as a proton) is bonded to a nitrogen atom at one end of the azide ion (see previous problem). Draw the dominant resonance formula or formulas for this molecule. Describe the hybridization about the nitrogen atom to which the hydrogen atom is bonded in the dominant formula or formulas. Use valence
Answer Preview: In line with the structures from 10 93 above the electron dot formula for the HN 3 molecule might be considered to take on any of the following Struct…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 123 >> Hydrogen bromide dissociates into its gaseous elements, H2 and Br2, at elevated temperatures. Calculate the percent dissociation at 317°C and 1.00 atm. What would be the percent dissociation at 317°C and 10.0 atm? Use data from Appendix C and any reasonable approximation to obtain K
Answer Preview: For the dissociation of HBr, assume H and S are constant over the temperature range from 25C to 317C…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 9 >> The reaction A(g) h B(g) + C(g) is known to be first order in A(g). It takes 28 s for the concentration of A(g) to decrease by one-half of its initial value. How long does it take for the concentration of A(g) to decrease to one-fourth of its initial value? to one-eighth of its initial value?
Answer Preview: Use the half life concept to answer the question without a…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 44 >> If 456 dm3 of krypton at 101 kPa and 21°C is compressed into a 30.1-dm3 tank at the same temperature, what is the pressure of krypton in the tank?
Answer Preview: Using Boyle s law let P f …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 40 >> Use Figure 11.7 to estimate the boiling point of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, under an external pressure of 250 mmHg. Transcribed Image Text: 800 760 700 Chloroform- 600 500 400 Diethyl ether 300 200 Water 100 Carbon tetrachloride -20 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (°C) Vapor pressure (mmHg)
Answer Preview: Dropping a line from the inter…

, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 71 >> If 24.0% of a sample of radioisotope decays in 8.73 s, what is the half-life of this isotope (in seconds)?
Answer Preview: After 8 73 s, the amount of radio…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 100 >> Maltose, C12H22O11, is a sugar produced by malting (sprouting) grain. A solution of maltose at 25°C has an osmotic pressure of 5.00 atm. What is the molar concentration of maltose?
Answer Preview: M T RT 5 00 …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 150 >> A sample of carbon dioxide gas is placed in a container. The volume of the container is reduced to 1/3 of its original volume while the pressure is observed to double. In this system did the temperature change? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: Assume that a fixed amount of CO 2 is placed into the container that is then closed At this point …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 97 >> The percent relative humidity of a sample of air is found as follows: (partial pressure of water vapor/vapor pressure of water) × 100. A sample of air at 27°C was cooled to 15°C, where moisture began to condense as dew. What was the relative humidity of the air at 27°C?
Answer Preview: From Table 5 6 the vapor pressures are 26 7 mmHg at 27C and 12 8 …

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 114 >> A quantity of strong acid is added to pure water to give a solution that is 0.100 M H+. Calculate Q for the following reaction just as the H+ ion is added and before equilibrium is established.H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ? H2O(l)What is the value of the free-energy change, ?G, for this reaction starting from these nonstandard conditions?
Answer Preview: The equilibrium of interest is the reverse reaction for the autoionization of water, …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 3 >> Determine the direction of the following reaction from the relative strengths of acids and bases.H2S(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq) ? HC2H3O2(aq) + HS2(aq)
Answer Preview: The HC 2 H 3 O 2 is a stronger acid t…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 27 >> Hypothetical elements A2 and B2 react according to the following equation, forming the compound AB.A2(aq) + B2(aq) ? 2AB(aq); ?H° = +271 kJ/molIf solutions A2(aq) and B2(aq), starting at the same temperature, are mixed in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the reaction that occurs isa. Exothermic, and the temperature of the resulting solution rises.b. Endothermic, and the temperature of the resulting solut
Answer Preview: The answer is c …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 22 >> The triple point of a solid is at 5.2 atm and ?57°C. Under typical laboratory conditions of P = 0.98 atm and T = 23°C, this solid willa. Remain solid indefinitely b. Boilc. Melt d. Sublimee. Condense
Answer Preview: The …

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 4 >> Define the faraday.
Answer Preview: The faraday (F) is t…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 59 >> A reaction of the form aA ? Products is secondorder with a rate constant of 0.725 L/(mol???s). If the initial concentration of A is 0.760 mol/L, what is the molar concentration of A after 88.8 s?
Answer Preview: The second order integrated rate law is 1 A t kt 1 A o Using a …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 128 >> An aluminum nitrate solution is labeled 0.256 M. If 31.6 mL of this solution is diluted to a total of 65.1 mL, calculate the molarity of nitrate ion in the resulting solution.
Answer Preview: The ratio of nitrate ion to aluminum …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 152 >> How much heat is needed to vaporize 25.0 mL of liquid methanol, CH3OH, at 25.0°C? The density of the liquid is 0.787 g/mL. Use standard heats of formation, which are given in Appendix C.
Answer Preview: Calculate moles of CH 3 OH in the 25 0 mL density 0 787 g …

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 102 >> Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M aqueous solution of zinc chloride, ZnCl2. The acid ionization of hydrated zinc ion is Zn(H2O)62+(aq) + H2O(l) ? Zn(H2O)5OH+(aq) + H3O+(aq) and Ka is 2.5 × 10-10.
Answer Preview: Assume Zn 2+ is Zn(H 2 O) 6 2+ . Assemble the usual table to calculate the [H 3 O + ] and pH…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 87 >> A gaseous mixture consists of 87.0 mole percent N2 and 13.0 mole percent O2 (the approximate composition of air). Suppose water is saturated with the gas mixture at 25°C and 1.00 atm total pressure, and then the gas is expelled from the water by heating. What is the composition in mole fractions of the gas mixture that is expelled? The solubilities of N2 and O2 at 25°C and 1.00 atm are 0.0175 g/L
Answer Preview: Using Henry s law S 2 S 1 P 2 P 1 where P 1 1 00 atm find t…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 43 >> What is the energy of a photon corresponding to radio waves of frequency 1.490 × 106/s?
Answer Preview: Solve for E using E h an…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 34 >> Use the electron-pair repulsion model to predict the geometry of the following molecules:a. GeCl2 b. AsCl3 c. SO3 d. XeO4
Answer Preview: The number of electron pairs number of lone pairs and geometr…

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 118 >> How much heat will be evolved when 22.7 grams of the binary covalent hydride HF is produced via the following reaction?F2(g) + H2(g) ? 2HF(g) ?H = -545 kJ
Answer Preview: For 22 7 g of HF (molar mass 20 …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 56 >> What is the difference in energy between the two levels responsible for a red emission line of the strontium atom at 640.8 nm?
Answer Preview: Noting that 640 8 nm 6 408 10 7 m convert the 64…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 106 >> Classify each of the following reactions as a combination reaction, decomposition reaction, displacement reaction, or combustion reaction.a. When solid calcium oxide, CaO, is exposed to gaseous sulfur trioxide, SO3, solid calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is formed.b. Calcium metal (solid) reacts with water to produce a solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, and hydrogen gas.c. When solid sodium hydrogen s
Answer Preview: a Combinati…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 100 >> The vapor pressure of water is 17.5 mmHg at 20.0°C and 355.1 mmHg at 80.0°C. Calculate the boiling point of water at 755.0 mmHg.
Answer Preview: After labeling the problem data as shown below use …

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 2 >> A complex has the composition Co(NH3)4(H2O)BrCl2. Conductance measurements show that there are three ions per formula unit, and precipitation of AgCl with silver nitrate shows that there are two Cl? ions not coordinated to cobalt. What is the structural formula of the compound?
Answer Preview: The addition of silver nitrate to the complex precipitates AgC…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 98 >> A sample of grape juice has a pH of 4.15. What is the hydroxide-ion concentration of this solution?
Answer Preview: Find the pOH from the pH using pH pOH 14 00 Then c…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 62 >> What is the de Broglie wavelength of an oxygen molecule, O2, traveling at 535 m/s? Is the wavelength much smaller or much larger than the diameter of an atom (on the order of 100 pm)?
Answer Preview: The mass of O 2 to three significant figures is 32 00 6 022 10 23 5 313 10 23 g …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 12 >> What factors determine the strength of interaction between two atomic orbitals to form a molecular orbital?
Answer Preview: The factors determining the streng…

, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 121 >> Californium-251 was synthesized at the University of California in 1950. What type of decay would you predict for Cf-251? Write the balanced nuclear reaction for this decay.
Answer Preview: Cf-251 has an atomic number of …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 39 >> Relate the rate of decomposition of NH4NO2 to the rate of formation of N2 for the following reaction:NH4NO2(aq) ? N2(g) + 2H2O(l )
Answer Preview: For the reaction NH 4 NO 2 N 2 2H 2 O the rate of decompos…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 136 >> What is the molarity of pure water with a density of 1.00 g/mL?
Answer Preview: Converting the mass in grams of …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 16 >> Describe the face-centered cubic unit cell.
Answer Preview: In a face centered cubic …

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 142 >> A 1.0-L sample of 1.0 M HCl solution has a 10.0 A current applied for 45 minutes. What is the pH of the solution after the electricity has been turned off?
Answer Preview: The half-reaction that occurs is 2H + (aq)+2e H 2 (g) The amount of …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 105 >> A glass tumbler containing 243 cm3 of air at 1.00 × 102 kPa (the barometric pressure) and 20°C is turned upside down and immersed in a body of water to a depth of 25.5 m. The air in the glass is compressed by the weight of water above it. Calculate the volume of air in the glass, assuming the temperature and barometric pressure have not changed.
Answer Preview: Calculate the mass of 1 cm 2 of the 20 5 m of water above the air in th…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 42 >> Name the geometries expected for the following ions, according to the electron-pair repulsion model.a. BrF6+ b. IF2– c. ICl4 d. IF4+
Answer Preview: The number of electron pairs number of lone pairs and g…

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 9 >> Silver(I) ion in basic solution is reduced by formaldehyde, HCHO, to Ag metal. Formaldehyde is oxidized to formate ion, HCOO?. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
Answer Preview: Two Cu 2+ ions gain a total of two electron…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 98 >> If it takes 11.2 hours for 1.00 L of nitrogen, N2, to effuse through the pores in a balloon, how long would it take for 1.00 L of helium, He, to effuse under the same conditions?
Answer Preview: The rates of effusion are directly related to the rms speed Assume the temp…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 98 >> If the HCl molecule were 100% ionic, the molecule would consist of a positive charge e and a negative charge –e separated by a distance d equal to the bond length. The experimental value of the bond length is 127 pm. Calculate the dipole moment for such a completely ionic molecule. The actual dipole moment, ?, of HCl is 1.08 D. Linus Pauling, Nobel laureate, used the ratio of the actual dipole mom
Answer Preview: The dipole moment for a completely ionic HCl molecule is …

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 2 >> Consider the reaction of nitrogen, N2, and oxygen, O2, to form nitrogen monoxide, NO:N2(g) + O2(g) ? 2NO(g)From the standard free energy of formation of NO, what can you say about this reaction?
Answer Preview: The standard free energy of formation …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 118 >> Raoul Pictet, the Swiss physicist who first liquefied oxygen, attempted to liquefy hydrogen. He heated potassium formate, KCHO2, with KOH in a closed 2.50-Lvessel.KCHO2(s) + KOH(s) ? K2CO3(s) + H2(g)If 75.0 g of potassium formate reacts in a 2.50-L vessel, which was initially evacuated, what pressure of hydrogen will be attained when the temperature is finally cooled to 25°C? Use the preceding che
Answer Preview: Convert mass to moles of KCHO 2 and then use the equation bel…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 41 >> Predict the geometries of the following ions, using the VSEPR model.a. GeF5– b. AsF6– c. BrF2– d. BrF4–
Answer Preview: The number of electron pairs number of lone pairs and geom…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 116 >> According to a source, lithium peroxide (Li2O2) decomposes to lithium oxide (Li2O) and oxygen gas at about 195°C. If the standard enthalpy change for this decomposition is 33.9 kJ/mol, what would you give as an estimate for the standard entropy change for this reaction? Explain.
Answer Preview: The endothermic, disordering decomposition process Li 2 O 2 (s) Li 2 O(s) …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 17 >> What is meant by the thermodynamic standard state?
Answer Preview: The thermodynamic standard state consists …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 57 >> Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted in each of the following.a. N in NH2-b. I in IO3-c. H in H2d. Cl in HClO4
Answer Preview: a Because the charge of 1 x N 2 from 2 H s x N mu…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 122 >> An ion M2+ has the configuration [Ar]3d2, and an atom has the configuration [Ar]4s2. Identify the ion and the atom.
Answer Preview: The ion …

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 88 >> Consider the tetracarbonyldibromoiron(II) ion.a. Write the chemical formula of the compound.b. How many geometric isomers are possible for this compound?c. Does the compound have optical isomers?
Answer Preview: a. The formula for the compound is …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 56 >> A solution is 0.030 M HNO3 (nitric acid). What is the hydronium-ion concentration at 25°C? What is the hydroxide-ion concentration at 25°C?
Answer Preview: The H 3 O 0 0…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 45 >> For each of the following, write the molecular equation, including phase labels. Then write the net ionic equation. Note that the salts formed in these reactions are soluble.a. The neutralization of hydrobromic acid with calcium hydroxide solutionb. The reaction of solid aluminum hydroxide with nitric acidc. The reaction of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with calcium hydroxide solutiond. The neutralizat
Answer Preview: a 2HBr aq Ca OH 2 aq 2H 2 O l CaBr 2 aq H aq OH aq H …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 44 >> a. The molecule BrF3 has a dipole moment of 1.19 D. Which of the following geometries are possible: trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, or T-shaped? b. The molecule TeCl4 has a dipole moment of 2.54 D. Is the geometry tetrahedral, seesaw, or square planar?
Answer Preview: a Trigonal pyramidal and T shap…

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 84 >> How many kilograms of manganese can be produced from 2.50 kg of aluminum, Al, when you reduce manganese(IV) oxide?
Answer Preview: In the reaction 4 mol of Al are used to form 3 mol of manga…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 72 >> When ice at 0°C melts to liquid water at 0°C, it absorbs 0.334 kJ of heat per gram. Suppose the heat needed to melt 38.0 g of ice is absorbed from the water contained in a glass. If this water has a mass of 0.210 kg and a temperature of 21.0°C, what is the final temperature of the water?
Answer Preview: Use the 334 J g 0 334 kJ g heat of fusion to calculate the heat of melting …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 97 >> Nickel(II) sulfate solution reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to produce a precipitate of nickel(II) hydroxide and a solution of sodium sulfate. Write the molecular equation for this reaction. Then write the corresponding net ionic equation.
Answer Preview: For the reaction of nickel II sulfate …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 119 >> Draw a figure similar to Figure 9.2 but for the energetics of ionic bonding in KF. Use the ionization energy and electron affinity from values given in Tables 8.3 and 8.4 in Chapter 8. Calculate the sublimation energy from thermodynamic data (Appendix C). For the lattice energy, see Problem 9.118.Figure 9.2 Problem 9.118Calculate the lattice energy of potassium fluoride, KF, using the Born–Haber c
Answer Preview: Step 1 E ionization E A 419 kJ mol 328 kJ mol 91 kJ mol Step 2a E ion pair formation 516 5 kJ mol b…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 4 >> Write the notation for a cell in which the electrode reactions are2H+(aq) + 2e- ? H2(g)Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
Answer Preview: The notation f…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 133 >> A reaction of the form aA ? Products is second order with a half-life of 287 s. What is the rate constant of the reaction if the initial concentration of A is 1.87 × 10-2 mol/L?
Answer Preview: k 1 12 A …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 94 >> A 3.75-g sample of iron ore is transformed to a solution of iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4, and this solution is titrated with 0.150 M K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate). If it requires 43.7 mL of potassium dichromate solution to titrate the iron(II) sulfate solution, what is the percentage of iron in the ore? The reaction is Transcr
Answer Preview: First find the mass of Fe 2 required to react with the K 2 Cr 2 O 7 Pe…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 95 >> There are a number of known pentahalides of phosphorus. One of them is the trifluorodibromophosphorus compound, PF3Br2, an unstable liquid. Draw the Lewis electron-dot formula of PF3Br2. What is the geometry about the phosphorus atom? Describe the placement of fluorine and bromine atoms about the phosphorus atom in this geometry. Explain how you come to this conclusion.
Answer Preview: The Lewis electron dot formula for PF 3 Br 2 is There are …

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 49 >> Write structural formulas for a. 1,1,1-triphenylethane; b. o-ethylmethylbenzene
Answer Preview: a.…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 68 >> Obtain the pH corresponding to the following hydronium-ion concentrations.a. 1.0 × 10?4 M b. 3.2 × 10?10 Mc. 2.3 × 10?5 M d. 2.91 × 10?11 M
Answer Preview: Record the same number of places after the deci…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 94 >> Carbon disulfide, CS2, burns in oxygen. Complete combustion gives the balanced reaction that has been depicted here using molecular models. Calculate the grams of sulfur dioxide, SO2, produced when a mixture of 35.0 g of carbon disulfide and 35.0 g of oxygen reacts. Which reactant remains unconsumed at the end of the combustion? How many grams remain?
Answer Preview: First determine whether CS 2 or O 2 is the limiting reactant by calcul…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 74 >> What is the volume (in milliliters) of 0.100 M H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) containing 0.949 g H2SO4?
Answer Preview: 0 949 g HSO4 x 1 …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 8 >> What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?
Answer Preview: A sigma bond has a cylind…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 88 >> A natural gas mixture consists of 88.0 mole percent CH4 (methane) and 12.0 mole percent C2H6 (ethane). Suppose water is saturated with the gas mixture at 20°C and 1.00 atm total pressure, and the gas is then expelled from the water by heating. What is the composition in mole fractions of the gas mixture that is expelled? The solubilities of CH4 and C2H6 at 20°C and 1.00 atm are 0.023 g/L H2O and 0
Answer Preview: Using Henry s law S 2 S 1 P 2 P 1 where P 1 1 00 at…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 127 >> A monatomic ion has a charge of +4. The nucleus of the ion has a mass number of 235. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is 1.55 times that of the number of protons. How many electrons are in the ion? What is the name of the element?
Answer Preview: Let x number of protons Then 1 55 x is the …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 20 >> Which of the following statements is (are) true?I. The product of wavelength and frequency of light is a constant.II. As the energy of electromagnetic radiation increases, its frequency decreases.III. As the wavelength of light increases, its frequency increases.a. I onlyb. II onlyc. III onlyd. I and III onlye. II and III only
Answer Preview: The …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 120 >> Consider the following ions: Al3+, Mg2+, Na+, S2-, Cl-. Write down all possible formulas of ionic compounds between each of the oppositely charged ions. Of these compounds, note the ones with a metal-to-nonmetal ratio of one-to-one. Which compound do you expect has the highest melting point? Why?
Answer Preview: The possible compounds include Al 2 S 3 AlCl 3 MgS MgCl 2 Na 2 S and NaCl The compounds with a metal …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 93 >> A liquid solution consists of 0.30 mole fraction ethylene dibromide, C2H4Br2, and 0.70 mole fraction propylene dibromide, C3H6Br2. Both ethylene dibromide and propylene dibromide are volatile liquids; their vapor pressures at 85°C are 173 mmHg and 127 mmHg, respectively. Assume that each compound follows Raoult’s law in the solution. Calculate the total vapor pressure of the solution.
Answer Preview: P ED P ED X ED 173 mmHg …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 150 >> On a long trip you travel 832 miles in 21 hours. During this trip, you use 31 gallons of gasoline.a. Calculate your average speed in miles per hour.b. Calculate your average speed in kilometers per hour.c. Calculate your gas mileage in kilometers per liter.
Answer Preview: a b c 7 …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 73 >> Calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene gas, C2H2.CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) ? Ca(OH)2(aq) + C2H2(g)Calculate the volume (in liters) of acetylene produced at 26°C and 684 mmHg from 0.075 mol CaC2 and excess H2O.
Answer Preview: The 0 075 mol CaC 2 will form …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 65 >> Arrange the following substances in order of increasing magnitude of the London forces: SiCl4, CCl4, GeCl4.
Answer Preview: The order is C…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 3 >> Which ion has the larger hydration energy, Na+ or K+?
Answer Preview: The Na ion has a larger en…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 124 >> Name the following molecular compounds.a. ClF4b, CS2c. PF3d. SF6
Answer Preview: a Arsenic tribromide …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 39 >> At its closest approach, Mercury is 77.3 million km from Earth. How long would it take to send a radio message from a space probe of Mercury to Earth when the planets are at this closest distance?
Answer Preview: Radio waves travel at the …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 129 >> Two fourth-period atoms, one of a transition metal, M, and the other of a main-group nonmetal, X, form a compound with the formula M2X3. What is the electron configuration of atom X if M is Fe? What is the configuration of X if M is Co?
Answer Preview: If M is Fe then the electron …

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 130 >> Why are lithium-ion batteries especially desirable for portable devices like cell phones?
Answer Preview: Lithium is a very light, reactive element so …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 109 >> a. Consider the hydrated aluminum ion Al(H2O)63+ as a Brønsted–Lowry acid. Write the chemical equation in which this ion loses a proton in a reaction with

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