Description

Chapter: 3 -Problem: 9 >> How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Write the overall equation for both processes.
Answer Preview: Photosynthesis is the biological process in which light energy from the sun is captured and trans…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 3 >> What are the four distinct parts of the soil system?
Answer Preview: The soil system is …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 27 >> How will future nuclear power reactors differ from current plants?
Answer Preview: The next generation of nuclear power plants is e…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 26 >> What are the three foundations of sustainable development?
Answer Preview: The three foundations of sust…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 29 >> How can degraded soils be reclaimed? What is the Conservation Reserve Program?
Answer Preview: Degraded soils can generally be reclaimed by following two steps: (1) Stabil…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 28 >> Why is managing acid rain an international challenge?
Answer Preview: One reason acid rain is so hard to manage is that it does not occur …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 23 >> Is a rabbit an example of a closed system or an open system? Why?
Answer Preview: A rabbit is an example of an open system because it …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 14 >> What is the largest marine environment, and what are some of its features?
Answer Preview: The oceanic province is the largest marine environment, comprising about 75% of the ocea…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 1 >> Explain why the poor in many countries have to pay more for their water than do the wealthy.
Answer Preview: All of the same system components exist in poor and wealthy countries w…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 16 >> When people discuss the impact of global climate change, they usually mention polar bears or other charismatic animals. However, according to scientists at Botanic Gardens Conservation International, half of all plant species could be threatened by climate change. Most of these plants live on islands or mountains. Offer an explanation for why this is the case.
Answer Preview: Biologists have documented that climate warming has cause…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 15 >> Describe current wetland protection policies in the United States and give their strengths and weaknesses.
Answer Preview: The 1972 Clean Water Act does a reasonably good job of protecting coastal wetlands but …

, Taking a systems perspective, suggest how to prevent BOD from animal sewage and milk processing of a dairy farm from reaching an adjacent river.
Answer Preview: The characteristics of a dairy effluent contain temperature, color, pH (6 58 0),BOD, COD, dissolved solids, suspended solids, chlorides, sulphate, oil and grease .It depends largely on the quantity of …

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 23 >> How can an invasive species endanger native species?
Answer Preview: Invasive species are foreign species that spread rapidly in a new area where they …

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 26 >> How do conservation easements protect forests from development?
Answer Preview: A conservation easement is a legal agreement th…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 26 >> What features does a sustainable city possess?
Answer Preview: A sustainable city is a city with a livable environment, a …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 8 >> Compare mineral consumption in the United States, China, and a poorer country such as Nigeria. Which of these countries has experienced the most rapid increase in mineral consumption in recent years? Why?
Answer Preview: The United States consumes a significant portion of the worlds minerals. Consumption of m…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 25 >> What is low-level radioactive waste, and how is it disposed of? What is high-level radioactive waste, and how is it currently stored?
Answer Preview: Lowlevel radioactive wastes are radioactive solids liquids or gases that give off small amounts of i…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 5 >> How would the list in item 4 differ if you were to take a systems perspective rather than a short-term perspective? Would it be easy to implement these changes? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: A system approach will shift the focus from the indivi…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 16 >> President Franklin D. Roosevelt once sent a letter to the state governors in which he said, “A nation that destroys its soils, destroys itself.” Would he have supported the Conservation Reserve Program? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: Healthy soil provides us with many services includin…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 22 >> How does a nuclear reactor produce electricity?
Answer Preview: A nuclear reactor is a devi…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 4 >> Few countries in Africa have significant amounts of coal, oil and natural gas resources. What does this suggest about opportunities for financial development in those countries?
Answer Preview: With the exception of a few countries, Africa has few fossil fuel resources. Their …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 18 >> What roles do photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and combustion play in the carbon cycle?
Answer Preview: The global movement of carbon between organisms and the abiotic environment is known as th…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 24 >> Which of the five soil orders (spodosols, alfisols, mollisols, aridosols, and oxisols) is associated with deserts? With tropical forests? With semiarid grasslands?
Answer Preview: Aridisols are found in arid regions such as de…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 18 >> What is surface water? Groundwater?
Answer Preview: Surface water comes from precipitation that r…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 17 >> Distinguish among fluidized-bed combustion, coal liquefaction, and coal gasification.
Answer Preview: Fluidized-bed combustion is a clean-coal technology in which crushed coal is mixed with li…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 29 >> What are the steps used to solve an environmental problem?
Answer Preview: In general, there are five steps used in …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 1 >> Why do we consider soil to be a system?
Answer Preview: Soil has many components; the soil system is composed of inorganic nutri…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 16 >> What are the primary constituents of the atmosphere?
Answer Preview: Excluding water vapor and tr…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 11 >> How does the concentration of energy in a source affect how people can use energy?
Answer Preview: The concentration of energy in a source determines the amount …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 24 >> What are worldviews? How do Western and deep ecology worldviews differ?
Answer Preview: Worldviews are commonly shared perspectives based on a collection of our basic …

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 17 >> Which type of mining–surface mining or subsurface mining – is more harmful to the environment? Which type is more expensive to do?
Answer Preview: Surface mining is …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 22 >> What is the relationship between climate change and global water problems?
Answer Preview: Climate change is expected to lead to changes in the amount type and distri…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 6 >> Suggest a reason why many squatter settlements are built on floodplains or steep slopes.
Answer Preview: Land that is not desir…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 14 >> How are tornadoes and tropical cyclones alike? How do they differ?
Answer Preview: A tornado is a powerful, rotating funnel of air associated with severe thunderstorms. Torna…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 1 >> Charles Darwin once said, “It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the ones most responsive to change.” How does this statement relate to the definition of evolution?
Answer Preview: Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution . Organisms that are t…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 18 >> What are advantages and disadvantages of using wind to produce electricity? Of using hydropower to produce electricity?
Answer Preview: Harvesting wind energy to generate electricity has great potential because it is currently the most …

, Explain why the United States Department of Energy describes coal as a “true measure of the energy strength of the United States.” Is this also true of China? India? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: In 2019, about 4,118 billion kilowatthours (kWh) (or about 4 12 trillion kWh) of electricity were generated at utility-scale electricity generation facilities in the United States 1 About 23 5% of thi…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 5 >> What is the basic flow path of the nitrogen cycle?
Answer Preview: There are five steps to the nitrogen cycle, in which ni…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 22 >> How does mineral consumption differ between industrialized and developing countries?
Answer Preview: Highly developed countries consume a disproport…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 11 >> Which is a more pervasive global issue – famine or chronic hunger? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: Famines are temporary but severe food shortages brough…

, Do you think this cartoon reasonably depicts the challenge of reducing pesticide use? Transcribed Image Text: OUke Baldwin / Correret BAA ORGANIC * NO PESTICIDES MARKET $25 425. 6 18 "Sure it costs more. We have to squash bugs by hand." www.CartoonStock.com
Answer Preview: Yes the cartoon somehow depicts the less use pesticides …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 14 >> Is it possible to have an inverted pyramid of energy? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: It is not possible to have an inverted pyramid of energy. Energy py…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 18 >> How does magmatic concentration form mineral deposits?
Answer Preview: Magmatic concentration is the formation of mineral deposits as liqu…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 2 >> What does this diagram represent? Explain how this process affects the properties of water.
Answer Preview: Polarity causes hydrogen bonds represented by dashed lines to form between …

, Examine the cartoon. What point is the cartoonist making? Transcribed Image Text: steveggreenbeng art.com THE NEW COLOSSUS (or, "Obesity Appalling the World") Give me your doughnuts, your chips, Your huddled nachos yearning to be cheesed, The greasy refuse of your deep-fry vat, Send these, the supe
Answer Preview: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE CARTOON: The artist here tried to visualize the modern day food trends and the …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 13 >> The system encompassing Earth€™s global mean surface temperature can be diagrammed as follows: Explain each part of this system. Transcribed Image Text: Sohr radiation absorbed by surface Outgoing long-wave (infrared) heat energy Affected by albedo Affected by dlouds and aerosols Earch's global mean
Answer Preview: The sun releases energy into space in the form of electromagnetic radiation. A small fraction of thi…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 22 >> What is soil texture?
Answer Preview: Texture is a parameter that characterizes soils. Soil texture refers …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 15 >> What is active solar energy? Passive solar energy?
Answer Preview: Active solar heating is a system of putting the suns energy to use in which …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 14 >> How has Curitiba, Brazil, been designed to incorporate sustainability?
Answer Preview: The city developed an inexpensive , efficient mass transit system that uses clean, modern buses th…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 3 >> How might deforestation at HBEF alter the biogeochemical cycles involving that ecosystem.
Answer Preview: The HBEF 3100-hectar reserve in New Hampshire has been the site of numerous …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 9 >> As you walk from the bottom to the top of a mountain, what changes in vegetation would you expect to see?
Answer Preview: Hiking up a mountain is similar to traveling toward the North Pole with respect to the major …

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 20 >> Why are children particularly susceptible to the effects of air pollution?
Answer Preview: Air pollution is a greater health threat to children than it is to adults in part …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 16 >> What are some uses for hydrogen fuel cells?
Answer Preview: Hydrogen fuel cells can provide energy for a range of uses. In additio…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 4 >> Describe how organisms participate in each of these biogeochemical cycles: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Answer Preview: In the carbon cycle organisms fix, or incorporate, carbon from the atmosphere into chemical compounds through photosynthesis. Organisms also release c…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 13 >> Which aquatic ecosystem is often compared to a tropical rain forest? Why?
Answer Preview: Coral reef ecosystems are the most diverse of all ma…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 10 >> Explain how water resource problems might contribute to economic or political instability.
Answer Preview: Consumers need to have a reliable source of water at a predictable cost Different parts …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 13 >> How has transportation affected the spatial structure of cities?
Answer Preview: Transportation and land use are inextricably linked because as cities grow, they expand along public …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 24 >> What is sustainability?
Answer Preview: Sustainability is the ability to meet current human economic and …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 8 >> Which two of these soil orders are best suited for agriculture: spodosol, alfisoil, mollisol, aridosol, and oxisol? Why?
Answer Preview: Most of the world's grain crops are …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 16 >> What are the advantages of producing electricity by solar thermal energy? By photovoltaic (PV) solar cells?
Answer Preview: Electricity produced by solar thermal energy is more efficient than other di…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 12 >> What are the implications of “Peak Oil” on future global energy supplies?
Answer Preview: The most optimistic predictions are for Peak Oil at around 2035 . After which poin…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 25 >> Distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which organisms perform each process?
Answer Preview: Photosynthesis is the biological process in which light energy from the sun is ca…

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 22 >> How does unsustainable consumption affect environmental sustainability?
Answer Preview: Many of the worlds environmental and reso…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 8 >> Are water supply problems due to too many people or too much consumption per person in the United States? In developing countries? Explain the differences (if any).
Answer Preview: Compared with many countries the United States has a plentiful supply of fresh …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 11 >> Why is good governance so important in increasing sustainability in cities?
Answer Preview: Cities do not exist as separate entities; they are part of …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 21 >> What does the EPI measure that the GDP does not?
Answer Preview: The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) assesses a countrys commitment to enviro…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 4 >> Which soil horizons are most prone to erosion? How might your answer be significant to farmers?
Answer Preview: A horizons are most prone to erosion. Although estimates vary widely depen…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 7 >> What is the problem with open management of ocean fisheries?
Answer Preview: Many countries have a policy of open management in which all f…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 8 >> What forms of energy storage do you use? What are the benefits of this energy storage?
Answer Preview: It normally include batteries, potential energy, therma…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 4 >> Explain why the National Environmental Policy Act is considered the cornerstone of U.S. environmental law.Research some examples of when it has been effective and when it has not.
Answer Preview: When the Environmental Protection Agency was formed, and the National Environ…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 14 >> What U.S. law provides legal protection to species to reduce their danger of extinction? Are species listed based on scientific reasons or on their economic value? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: The Endangered Species Act passed in 1973 authorized the Fi…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 12 >> How does the disposal of radioactive wastes pose technical problems? Political problems?
Answer Preview: Many technical challenges exist in transporting waste safely solidifying liquid was…

, Following the 2010 oil platform collapse and associated oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, Congress began considering new laws regulating deep-ocean oil drilling.Do you think command and control or incentive-based regulations would be more effective? Explain.
Answer Preview: I think most people would agree that it's easier to perform a task if there is an incentive to get t…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 4 >> Which biome discussed in this chapter is depicted by the information given below? Explain your answer? Transcribed Image Text: High Level of soil minerals Medium Average annual temperature Average annual Low precipitation
Answer Preview: Tropical Rainforests. Tropica…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 10 >> How does sustainable soil use protect the agricultural soil system?
Answer Preview: Human activities often cause or exacerbate soil problems , i…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 26 >> What are some of the advantages of storing high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain? What are some of the disadvantages?
Answer Preview: Advantages to storing highlevel radioactive waste at Yucca Mount…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 2 >> What is a biogeochemical cycle? Why is the cycling of matter essential to the continuance of life?
Answer Preview: Biogeochemical cycles move matter from one organism to another and from livin…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 23 >> What is albedo?
Answer Preview: Albedo is the proportional reflectance of …

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 17 >> What is biological diversity?
Answer Preview: Biological diversity is the number and variety of E…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 21 >> What is the nuclear fuel cycle?
Answer Preview: The nuclear fuel cycle includes the processes involved in produ…

, One of Socolow and Pacala’s wedges (see introduction) involves reducing the number of miles driven by each car by 50% (they predict 2 billion cars worldwide by 2056). Considering what you know about how people drive now, how could people reduce their driving by 50%? How would this affect their lives?
Answer Preview: To emphasize the need for early action, Co-Directors Robert Socolow and Stephen Pacala created the concept of stabilization wedges 25 billion ton wedg…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 22 >> What is an ecological footprint?
Answer Preview: The concept of an ecological footprint was developed by environmen…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 5 >> How do organisms contribute to nutrient cycling in the soil system?
Answer Preview: Millions of microorganisms , including bacteria, fungi, algae, microscopic worms, and protozoa …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 24 >> What is sustainable water use?
Answer Preview: Sustainable water use is the use of wa…

, What are some of the environmental factors that produce areas of precipitation extremes, such as rain forests and deserts?
Answer Preview: Rainforests and deserts are the two main areas of precipitation extremes . there are basically three …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 3 >> Describe representative organisms of the forest biomes discussed in the text: boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rain forest, and tropical rain forest.
Answer Preview: Black and white spruces, balsam fir, eastern larch, and other conifers (cone-bearing evergreens) dominate the boreal forest. Conifers have many drough…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 20 >> What is a biome? What climate and soil factors produce each of the major terrestrial biomes?
Answer Preview: A biome is a large, relatively distinct terrestrial region with similar climate, soil, plants, and animals, regardless of where it occurs in the world. Tundra: The general climate in the tundra is cha…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 14 >> The graph to the right depicts the percent growth of global electricity produced by different energy sources from 2004 to 2012. If these growth rates continue, what percent could wind and solar provide in the 2020? 2050? Transcribed Image Text: 2000 1000 30 20 10 -10 Geothermal Hydro Nuclear Fosil f
Answer Preview: Solar radiation varies in intensity depending on the latitude season of the year time of day and clo…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 6 >> What energy sources are used to generate electricity where you live, work, or go to school? This information is usually available on utility bills or at the utility website.
Answer Preview: Normally includ…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 2 >> Describe the science of ecology. What are two questions an ecologist might explore in the Chesapeake Bay salt marsh However, in the book, the topic was on the Antarctic food web.
Answer Preview: Ecology is the study of systems that include interactions among organisms and between orga…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 20 >> What are soil horizons? Distinguish between the O-horizon and A-horizon.
Answer Preview: Soil horizons are the horizontal layers into which many …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 19 >> Which human activity is responsible for more than 70% of global water consumption?
Answer Preview: How might allowing more natural flooding along the Missi…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 18 >> What are some of the problems encountered when large urban areas experience rapid growth?
Answer Preview: Rapid urban growth often outstrips the capacity of cities to …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 19 >> What do economists mean by “efficient” regulation?
Answer Preview: Economists assume that individuals behave as ratio…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 9 >> Why do we have to distinguish between mineral resources and mineral reserves when making projections about how long a specific mineral will be available? Why it is difficult to obtain an accurate appraisal of total resources for a particular mineral?
Answer Preview: Mineral reserves are currently profitable to answe, whereas mi…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 13 >> What are the main arguments for and against the United States developing additional nuclear power plants to provide us with electricity over the next several decades? Which perspective do you find most convincing?
Answer Preview: In an effort to promote nuclear energy nuclear and utility executi…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 17 >> What is a megacity? An urban agglomeration?
Answer Preview: Megacities are cities with more than 10 million inhabita…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 3 >> Is consumption driven more by population than affluence in highly developed countries? Less developed countries? Explain the difference.
Answer Preview: Consumption is the human use of materials and energy. In general the use of resources by consumers …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 6 >> Which biomes are best suited for agriculture? Explain why each of the biomes you did not specify is less suitable for agriculture.
Answer Preview: The biomes most suited for agriculture are temperate …

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 10 >> The amount of ozone-depleting chemicals released to the atmosphere has been reduced substantially since the late 1980s. Why has the concentration of stratospheric ozone not increased? Do we expect it to?
Answer Preview: CFCs are extremely stable and those that a…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 3 >> What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of fluorescent and incandescent lighting?
Answer Preview: Lighting has become significantly more efficient over the pas…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 21 >> Distinguish among energy, work, and heat.
Answer Preview: Energy is the capacity or ability to do work, and is required for biologic…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 27 >> What is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)? What are some of its global effects?
Answer Preview: The El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic, large-s…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 29 >> What human activity is threatening many acres of prime farmland?
Answer Preview: Many acres of prime farmland are falling victim to urbanization and suburban sprawl Throughout the n…

,

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 21 >> How are human population growth and affluence related to natural resource depletion?
Answer Preview: As population increases, the sheer number of people can exceed the capacity of a …

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 13 >> How is human overpopulation related to world soil problems?
Answer Preview: Asia and Africa have the largest land areas with extensive soil damage , and i…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 24 >> How does stratospheric ozone thinning occur?
Answer Preview: Stratospheric ozone thinning is the accelerated destr…

, Do you think we should permit more oil drilling off the coast of the United States? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: We should not permit more oil drilling off the coast of the united states due to sudden factor causing environmental impact which are as followed : 1. …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 12 >> Consider a simple ecosystem consisting of a shrub, a worm, a bird, and soil microbes, and identify the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and decomposers. Which of these organisms photosynthesize? Which carry out cellular respiration? Which give off heat into the surrounds?
Answer Preview: The plant is a producer and carries out both photosynthesis and cellular r…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 26 >> How are the sun’s energy, prevailing winds, and surface-ocean currents related?
Answer Preview: The heat from solar energy is partly responsi…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 30 >> List at least five causes of wetlands destruction.
Answer Preview: Wetlands are lands that are usually covered by shallow water for at least part of the y…

, What was the human population when you were born? When your parents were born?
Answer Preview: First of all I was born in …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 19 >> What is ecology?
Answer Preview: Ernst Haeckel, a 19 th century scientist…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 15 >> Examine the graph, which shows the increase in world use of electricity for mining and refining virgin aluminum has increased since the 1950s. Given that the production of aluminum has become more energy- efficient, how do you account for the current global increase in electricity used in aluminum production? Transcribed I
Answer Preview: As countries industrialize there …

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 2 >> Why does food insecurity occur? What are the links among poverty, food insecurity, and population issues?
Answer Preview: There are several reasons why food insecurity exists World grain stocks have …

, What is this cartoon trying to say? When do you think this cartoon was published? Transcribed Image Text: peNT BANE UME HER
Answer Preview: This cartoon represents the current impact of the worldwide timber industry. It …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 1 >> What two climate factors are most important in determining an area’s characteristic biome?
Answer Preview: Biomes are pr…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 32 >> What are tobacco smoke and radon considered to be particularly hazardous indoor air pollutants?
Answer Preview: Cigarette smoke is a mixture of air pollutants that include hydrocarbons carbon dioxide …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 1 >> Why is it useful to know both per capita energy use and total energy use for a country?
Answer Preview: Per capital energy use is the amount of energy used per person. …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 2 >> Describe the environmental contributions of two of the following: George Perkins Marsh, Theodore Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, Aldo Leopold, Wallace Stegner, Rachel Carson, and Paul Ehrlich.
Answer Preview: George Perkins Marsh wrote about humans as agents of global environmental change. …

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 16 >> How is the natural environment – Earth’s living organisms and ecosystems – an essential part of sustainable development?
Answer Preview: The goals of sustainable development are to improve living conditions for all people while m…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 18 >> What are ecosystem services?
Answer Preview: Ecosystem services are important environm…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 7 >> How does extraction of natural gas from shale differ from extraction from sandstone?
Answer Preview: Shale gas is much more difficult to answe than is gas found above oil in sandstone d…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 16 >> What is NPP? Do humans affect the global NPP? If so, how? If not, why?
Answer Preview: NPP is net primary productivity. Energy in plant tissues after cellular respiration has occurre…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 25 >> Is restoration ecology an important aspect of in situ or ex situ conservation?
Answer Preview: Restoration e…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 12 >> Explain how certain tax and zoning laws increase the conversion of prime farmland to urban and suburban development.
Answer Preview: Sometimes forest or agricultural land located near urban and suburban areas is taxed as po…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 20 >> What are brown-fields?
Answer Preview: A brownfield is an urban ar…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 28 >> What is a pyramid of energy?
Answer Preview: A pyramid of energy illustrates the energy content of the biomass of each tro…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 4 >> Suppose a valley contains a small city surrounded by agricultural land. The valley is encircled by mountain wilderness. Explain why the preservation of the mountain ecosystem would support both urban and agricultural land in the valley.
Answer Preview: Maintaining parcels of undisturbed land adjacent to agricultural and urban areas provides vital ec…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 31 >> What are the major sources of indoor air pollution?
Answer Preview: The major sources of indoor air pollution are rad…

, Based on what you have learned in this chapter, do you think the economy is part of the environment, or is the environment part of the economy? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: According to me, economy is a part of environment as we all know that econom…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 13 >> Suggest a food chain with an inverted pyramid of numbers—that is, greater numbers of organisms at higher than at lower trophic levels.
Answer Preview: Inverted pyramids of numbers , in which hig…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 16 >> What would happen to the organisms in a river, with a fast current, if a dam were built? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: In streams with fast currents the inhabitants may have a…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 4 >> What are industrial smog and photochemical smog, and how do they differ?
Answer Preview: Traditional Londontype smog x that is smoke pollution x is sometimes called industrial smog …

, What portion of the human's fundamental niche are we occupying today? Do you think our realized niche has changed over the past 200 years? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: The fundamental niche of humans is boarded with their biological tolerance o…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 20 >> When might command and control regulations be more or less effective than economics-based policies?
Answer Preview: In command and control regulations, the EPA or other government agency usually requires a partic…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 8 >> According to the cartoon, what is one of the main causes of habitat loss in terrestrial ecosystems? Transcribed Image Text: WORLD WILPLIFE HABITATS HUMAN EAHNENT OSteve Greenberg
Answer Preview: Habitat fragmentation, …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 26 >> What is desalinization? Reverse osmosis?
Answer Preview: Desalinization is the removal of salt from …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 16 >> What is urbanization? What parts of the world have the fastest current rates of urbanization?
Answer Preview: Urbanization is the process in which people increasingly move …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 10 >> Why is the concept of a food web generally preferred over that of a food chain?
Answer Preview: Simple food chains rarely occur in nature because …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 28 >> How do you distinguish between weather and climate? What are the two most important climate factors?
Answer Preview: Weather refers to the conditions in the atmospher…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 3 >> Describe several threats to surface water and groundwater supplies
Answer Preview: Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies Water pollution occurs when pollutants are disc…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 12 >> How do the United States, China, and Kenya compare in total energy consumption? In per capita energy consumption?
Answer Preview: In general, energy consumption in highly developed countries (i e., the United States) is …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 20 >> What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem? Between an ecosystem and a landscape?
Answer Preview: A community is defined as a natural association that consists of all the populations …

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 18 >> What are three examples of ecosystem services provided by biological diversity?
Answer Preview: Ecosystem services are important environmental benefits that ecosystems pro…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 25 >> What are some major problems and solutions associated with dams on the Columbia River?
Answer Preview: There are over 100 dams within the Columbia River system 19 are major generators of …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 10 >> How can land use planning promote compact development?
Answer Preview: Land use planning is the process of deciding the best uses for undeveloped land in a give…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 12 >> Some people want scientists to give them precise, definitive answers to environmental problems. Explain why this is not possible, and explain its implications for making decisions about climate change.
Answer Preview: Science is a dynamic process, a systematic way to investigate the natural world. Science seeks to re…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 2 >> What are the main types of federally owned land in the United States? What uses are permitted on each type of land? What are current issues of concern for each type?
Answer Preview: The main types of federally owned land include; the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Fish and Wi…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 3 >> What is an urban agglomeration? Give an example.
Answer Preview: Urban agglomeration is an urbanized core region t…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 4 >> List energy conservation measures you could adopt for each of the following aspects of your life: washing laundry, lighting, bathing, cooking, buying a car, and driving a car.
Answer Preview: Washing laundry: Purchasing and using a new washing machine. Appliances built since 2001 consume 75% …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 22 >> Is environmental justice a local issue, an international issue, or both? Explain.
Answer Preview: Environmental justice is both a local issue and an internat…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 7 >> What are biodiversity hotspots?
Answer Preview: Biodiversity hotspots are rela…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 30 >> What is the global distillation effect? What kinds of air pollutants are involved in the global distillation effect?
Answer Preview: The global distillation effect is the process in which volatile chemicals evaporate …

, Can economic approaches to environmental management adequately account for the complex interactive systems that make up the environment? Why or why not?
Answer Preview: Due to the current civilization progress in recent decades, acceleration of the development of industry, automotive, urban agglomerations, intensification of agricultural production, etc. and related …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 19 >> What are the five steps of the nitrogen cycle?
Answer Preview: The five steps of the ni…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 5 >> Explain why it is more environmentally damaging to obtain minerals from low-grade ores than to extract them from high-grade ores.
Answer Preview: High-grade ores contain relatively large amou…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 13 >> Which industries consume the most water? Discuss one way to use industrial water more sustainably.
Answer Preview: In the United States five major industrieschemical products paper …

, What invasive species are problems in your area? How do they affect local ecosystems, including native species? How are the invasive species being controlled?
Answer Preview: An invasive species can be any kind of living organism (amphibian,plants,insects,etc.) that is not n…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 7 >> How is the first law of thermodynamics related to the movement of an automobile?
Answer Preview: The gasoline that you put in your automobile has potential energy stored as che…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 3 >> How does the cartoon below relate to the General Mining Law of 1872? How does it reflect the environmental effects of strip mining versus surface mining? Transcribed Image Text: STRIP MINE ESTATES MINERAL RIGHTS? THEY'RE ALL YOURS sharis
Answer Preview: It seems all …

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 25 >> How did the Montreal Protocol reverse ozone depletion?
Answer Preview: In 1987 representatives from many countries met in Montreal to sign the Montreal P…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 16 >> What are the five kinds of synfuels? Why are they not being used more extensively?
Answer Preview: Synfuels include tar sands, oil shales, gas hydrates, liquefied …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 6 >> A geologist or physical geographer would describe the phosphorus cycle as a “sedimentary pathway.” Based on what you have learned about the phosphorus cycle in this chapter, what do you think that means?
Answer Preview: Phosphorus does not form compounds in the gaseous phase and does no…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 12 >> Where does eroded soil go after it is transported by water, wind, or ice?
Answer Preview: Water, wind, ice, and other agents promote soil erosion. Water and …

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 10 >> Climate scientist have observed a feedback loop involving soil moisture: Increasing temperatures dry the soil, and the dried soil exacerbates the heat. Is this an example of a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: Positive feedback loop A sy…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 3 >> Which contributes the most to climate change per unit of useful energy: coal, oil, or natural gas?
Answer Preview: Burning coal generally contributes more …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 9 >> Can economic solutions be used to address environmental justice concerns?Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: Economists have preferred the incentive-based regulation over the command and controlled ones. The i…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 6 >> Review the following table and calculate the percent of change in number of U.S. threatened or endangered species listed between 2005 and 2014, both total and for each group. What is the total percent change? Which groups of organisms have experienced the greatest declines? Suggested reasons for these trends. Transcribed I
Answer Preview: 2005 2014 Difference Percent of Change Mammals 78 90 12 …

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 22 >> What is the purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge System?
Answer Preview: The purpose of the Nationa…

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 24 >> How does green chemistry relate to source reduction?
Answer Preview: Green chemistry is a sub discipline of chemistry in whic…

, The pie chart shows an overview of the world?s total land area with respect to its suitability for agriculture. How could soil that is too dry for agriculture be converted to cropland? How could soil that is too wet for agriculture be converted to cropland? Explain why each of the remaining three categories in the pie chart cannot be converted to agricultural land.
Answer Preview: In order to fix wet soil for better agriculture, we have to find ways to overcome excess water holdi…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 2 >> Offer a possible reason why the tundra has such a low species richness.
Answer Preview: The limited precipitation in combination with low temperatures, fl…

, Chapter: 14 -Problem: 15 >> Distinguish among conservation tillage, crop rotation, contour plowing, strip cropping, terracing, shelterbelts, and agroforestry as methods of sustainable soil use.
Answer Preview: Conservation tillage is a method of cultivation in which residues from previous c…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 10 >> What is spent fuel?
Answer Preview: Spent fuel is t…

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 15 >> Which water pollution law regulates industrial waste discharge into a river?
Answer Preview: Industrial waste discharge into a river is regulated …

, Do you expect that a warmer world will improve or worsen human health? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: A warmer world definitely comprises of more solar energy and heat and light. But has it been always …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 11 >> In the chapter, the term model is defined as a formal statement that describes a situation and can be used to predict the future course of events. On the basis of this definition, is a model the same thing as a hypothesis? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: A model is not the same thing as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess that tries to exp…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 15 >> Which of the ocean zones shown would be home to each of the following organisms: lobster, coral, mussel, porpoise, and dragonfish? For those organisms you identify as living in the pelagic environment, are they most likely found in the neritic or oceanic province? Explain your answers. Transcribed Image Text:
Answer Preview: Lobsters are found in the Benthic environment and can be f…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 23 >> In generating electricity, how do the environmental effects of coal combustion and conventional nuclear fission compare?
Answer Preview: Nuclear power can serve as an alternative to electricity generation from coal which contributes to …

, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 18 >> How do melting ice and thermal expansion of water contribute to sea-level rise?
Answer Preview: More than half of recent and projected sealevel rise is associated with t…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 8 >> What is a brownfield? Why is it challenging to redevelop brown-fields?
Answer Preview: A brownfield is an urban area of abandone d, vacant facto…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 20 >> How does the phosphorus cycle differ from the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles?
Answer Preview: Unlike the carbon, nitrogen, and su…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 25 >> What basic forces determine the circulation of the atmosphere?
Answer Preview: Variations in the amount of solar energy reaching different places on Earth largely drive at…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 28 >> How is desertification related to rangeland management?
Answer Preview: Desertification is d…

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 16 >> The graph reflects the monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentrations at six stations along a river. The stations are located 20 m apart, with A the farthest upstream and F the farthest downstream. Where along the river did a sewage spill occur? At which station would you most likely discover dead fish? Transcribed Image T
Answer Preview: The spill happene…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 2 >> Consider Table 10.1. Which of the advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources do you think are most important? Why?
Answer Preview: Some of the considerations would be safety of the energy source , such as nuclear fission, or loca…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 17 >> Alcohol fuels produced from corn are often considered a climate friendly answer to our energy needs. Explain why a large-scale increase in the production of corn to provide fuel could have a negative or even catastrophic impact on ecosystems.
Answer Preview: If we grow corn and other biomass crops on a large scale for fuel, …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 29 >> Distinguish between tornadoes and tropical cyclones.
Answer Preview: A tornado is a powerful , rotating funnel of air associated with …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 17 >> How do hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules?
Answer Preview: Water molecules are polar That is one end of a water …

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 15 >> Climate change may lead to a greater need for pesticides to control mosquitoes. Suggest some ways in which other pesticide uses could increase or decrease as the Earth warms and precipitation patters shift over the next century.
Answer Preview: Climate change may lead to a greater need for …

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 19 >> How do policy decisions affect the development of energy technologies?
Answer Preview: Energy policy decisions can encourage or discourage particular energy resources, both throug…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 4 >> What is energy? How are the following forms of energy significant to organisms in ecosystems: (a) radiant energy, (b) mechanical energy, (c) chemical energy?
Answer Preview: Energy is the capacity or ability to do work. Radiant energy is energy, such as …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 10 >> What are two important abiotic factors that affect aquatic ecosystems?
Answer Preview: The two most important factors that affe…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 23 >> What is sustainable forestry?
Answer Preview: Sustainable forestry i s the use and management of …

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 24 >> What are acid mine drainage and acid deposition?
Answer Preview: Both acid mine drainage and acid deposition are two significant types of pollution associated …

, Should we allow housing on the flood plain of a river? Should taxpayers provide federal disaster assistance for those who choose to live on flood plains? Explain your answers.
Answer Preview: Houses are primarily built on a flood plain of a river for a number of reasons …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 17 >> Which law is the cornerstone of U.S. environmental law? Why?
Answer Preview: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), passed in 1970, …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 22 >> How does the sun affect temperature at different latitudes? Why?
Answer Preview: Variation in Earths temperature is produced because the suns energy does not reach all pl…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 11 >> What are some of the advantages of dams? The disadvantages?
Answer Preview: A dam is a barrier that impounds water Dams generally serve the primary p…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 27 >> Why do estimates of Peak Oil vary?
Answer Preview: Peak Oil is the point at which global oil production will reach a maximum rate once …

, On the basis of what you have learned about coal, oil and natural gas, which fossil fuel, do you think the United States should exploit in the short term (during the next 20 years)? Explain your rationale.
Answer Preview: Well keeping in mind the current COVID situation as well as the worldwide recession coming along with it, to exploit any of the fossil fuel the follow…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 11 >> Describe how environmental destruction in formerly communist countries relates to natural capital.
Answer Preview: Natural capital is all of Earths resources and processes that sustain living organisms, including hu…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 16 >> 1. What types of plant traits are likely to be found in heirloom seeds? What traits are likely in modern agriculture seeds?2. Describe two risks of routine hormone and antibiotic use in livestock production.
Answer Preview: Heirloom seeds are adapted to the climate where they are bred and contain a unique combination o…

, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 13 >> John Holdren, science advisor to President Obama, argues that there are three possible human responses to climate change: mitigation, adaptation and suffering. Discuss the implications of this on people today and people 50 years from now.
Answer Preview: Adaptation focuses on learning to live with to the environmental …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 21 >> What types of businesses are present, and which are generally missing, in food deserts?
Answer Preview: Some poorer neighborhoods often lack grocery stores and …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 35 >> What is ecological succession? How does primary and secondary succession differ?
Answer Preview: The process of community development over time, whic…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 12 >> Why is the global distillation effect likely to become an increasingly challenging problem in the future?
Answer Preview: The global distillation effect is the process in wh…

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 15 >> In an effort to reduce municipal solid waste, some communities require customers to pay for garbage collection according to the amount of garbage they generate, known as unit pricing. The figure below shows the effects of unit pricing in San Jose, California, on garbage sent to landfills, on wastes diverted through recycling, and on separation of yard wastes. How did unit pricing affect the amount
Answer Preview: Unit pricing reduced the amount o…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 18 >> Fossil fuels are “non-renewable” resources. Why does this pose a problem from a systems perspective?
Answer Preview: Consuming fossil fuels at the current rate is not sustainabl…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 16 >> Explain how the attitudes of utilitarian conservationists toward environmental policy differ from those of bio centric preservationists.
Answer Preview: A utilitarian conservationist is a person who values natural resources …

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 12 >> What are world grain stocks?
Answer Preview: World grain stocks are the amounts of rice wheat cor…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 1 >> Explain the following statement: Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is not resource-limited but is technology-limited.
Answer Preview: Solar energy is different from fossil and nuclear fuels because it is perpetually avail…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 10 >> The German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation use gasoline policies to classify countries into four categories: 1. Very high subsidies; 2. Subsidies; 3. Taxation; 4.Very high taxation. The November 2008 retail cost to consumers of regular gasoline in representative countries is found in the figure below. How do you think these prices impact conservation and efficiency for pa
Answer Preview: There is usually an inverse relationship between the amounts of subsidy a country does to kee…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 1 >> Explain why does a single child born in the United States have a greater effect on the environment than 12 or more children born in a developing country?
Answer Preview: A single child born in a highly developed country such as the United State…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 17 >> Give one advantage and one downside of GM crops.
Answer Preview: Genetic engineering may produce food plants that are more nutritious more resistant to insect p…

, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 20 >> What are some effects of climate change already experienced by organisms, including humans?
Answer Preview: Globally organisms are affected by changes in temperature precipitation ocean acidification seale…

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 19 >> How can a city system be analyzed from an ecosystem perspective?
Answer Preview: Studying urban areas as urban ecosystems helps to better understand how ecos…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 14 >> Place the following stages in addressing environmental problems in order and briefly explain each: long-term evaluation, public education and involvement, risk analysis, scientific assessment, political action.
Answer Preview: 1. Scientific assessment involves identifying a potential environmental problem and collecting …

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 24 >> What were the effects of the nuclear power plant accidents at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania, Chernobyl in Ukraine, and Fukushima Daiichi in Japan?
Answer Preview: Three Mile Island was the most serious nuclear reactor accident in the United States It occurred in 1979 at the Three Mile Island power plant in Penns…

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 21 >> Describe pesticide resistance and discuss some methods for preventing the problems.
Answer Preview: The prolonged use of pesticides can cause a pest population to develop a ge…

, Chapter: 10 -Problem: 17 >> What are some pros and cons of storing energy as hydrogen? In batteries? In flywheels?
Answer Preview: Hydrogen can store energy from a variety of sources and can be used to stor…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 30 >> What was the Lake Washington pollution problem of the 1950s? How was it addressed?
Answer Preview: Lake Washington exemplifies a successful approach to addressing a …

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 5 >> Describe the environmental problems associated with farming each of these areas: Tropical rain forests, hillsides, semiarid, and arid regions.
Answer Preview: In the tropical rain forest some problems here would be all the rain an…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 25 >> What are the environmental benefits of resource recovery? Of fluidized-bed combustion?
Answer Preview: Resource recovery is the process of removing any material from polluted emissions or solid waste and …

, In which biome do you live? If your biome does not match the description given in this book, how do you explain the discrepancy?
Answer Preview: I live in a place surrounded by concrete forest with …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 8 >> Explain why economic well-being, environment, and ethics all contribute to sustainable development.
Answer Preview: Sustainability implies that humans can have economic dev…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 4 >> Discuss the dissolving ability of water as it relates to ocean salinity and to water pollution.
Answer Preview: Water is often called the universal solvent because many materials dissolve in water In nature w…

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 3 >> Describe the relationship between biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen available for fish.
Answer Preview: Biochemical oxygen demand BOD is the amount of oxygen needed by micro…

, Chapter: 11 -Problem: 11 >> Which major consumer of oil is most vulnerable to disruption in the event of another energy crisis: electric power generation, motor vehicles, heating and air conditioning, or industry? Why?
Answer Preview: Motor vehicles are most at risk for another energy crisis because they rely so …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 16 >> In what ways do decisions about energy use and climate change that we make today limit the possibilities available to the next generation? Explain your answer.
Answer Preview: In order to live in a sustainable way, we must make smart choices …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 12 >> Describe several types of irrigation that reduces water use. With these techniques available, why would farmers still use traditional irrigation methods?
Answer Preview: Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil to assist in the growing of ag…

, How do you interpret this cartoon? What sort of options is the diner considering? Relate your answer to the Food for Thought exercise which is given below.? Transcribed Image Text: "Tm trying t

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7 Reviews for Environment Textbook Questions And Answers