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Chapter: 8 -Problem: 16 >> (a) Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that occurs between Ca and F atoms.(b) What is the chemical formula of the most likely product?(c) How many electrons are transferred?(d) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?
Answer Preview: a In this reaction Ca is electron donor and F electron acceptor Ca donates 2 electrons in order …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 21 >> A laser pointer used in a lecture hall emits light at 650 nm. What is the frequency of this radiation? Using Figure 6.4, predict the color associated with this wavelength. Transcribed Image Text: Wavelength (m)- 10-9 10-11 10-7 10-5 10-3 10-1 101 103 Gamma! X rays !Ultra- i violet rays Infrared iMic
Answer Preview: The wavelength of a laser is 650 nm 650 10 …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 10 >> The accompanying drawing shows the shape of a d orbital.(a) Based on the shape, how many of the d orbitals could it be?(b) Which of the following would you need to determine which of the d orbitals it is: (i) the direction of the z-axis, (ii) the identity of the element, (iii) the number of electrons in the orbital, or (iv) the directions of two of the major axes?
Answer Preview: a Based on the snape e 1 can …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 10 >> The following is part of a molecular orbital energy-level diagram for MOs constructed from 1s atomic orbitals.(a) What labels do we use for the two MOs shown?(b) For which of the following molecules or ions could this be the energy-level diagram: H2, He2, H2+, He2+, or H2-?(c) What is the bond order of the molecule or ion?(d) If an electron is added to the system, into which of the MOs will it be
Answer Preview: a Where sigma denotes an anti bonding orbital and sigma denotes a bonding orbita…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 15 >> We have learned in this chapter that many ionic solids dissolve in water as strong electrolytes, that is, as separated ions in solution. Which statement is most correct about this process?(a) Water is a strong acid and therefore is good at dissolving ionic solids.(b) Water is good at solvating ions because the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules bear partial charges.(c) The hydrogen and o
Answer Preview: a False although water is a neutral molecule the O atom has a partial negative charg…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 104 >> We can use Hess’s law to calculate enthalpy changes that cannot be measured. One such reaction is the conversion of methane to ethylene:2CH4(g)?C2H4(g) + H2(g)Calculate the ?H° for this reaction using the following thermochemical data:CH4(g) + 2O2(g)?CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ?H° = -890.3 kJC2H4(g) + H2(g)?C2H6(g) ?H° = -136.3 kJ2H2(g) + O2(g)?2H2O(g) ?H° = -571.6 kJ2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)?4CO2(g) + 6 H2O1l2 ?H°
Answer Preview: 1 CH 4 g 2O 2 g CO 2 g 2H 2 O l H 1 890 3kJ C2H 2 g H 2 g C2H 6 g H 2 136 3kJ 2H …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 89 >> At the end of 2012, global population was about 7.0 billion people. What mass of glucose in kg would be needed to provide 1500 cal/person/day of nourishment to the global population for one year? Assume that glucose is metabolized entirely to CO2(g) and H2O(l) according to the following thermochemical equation:C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)?6CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) ?H° = -2803 kJ
Answer Preview: Population 7 billion 7 10 9 kJ needed for 1 year Molar mass of g…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 103 >> Elemental cesium reacts more violently with water than does elemental sodium. Which of the following best explains this difference in reactivity?(i) Sodium has greater metallic character than does cesium.(ii) The first ionization energy of cesium is less than that of sodium.(iii) The electron affinity of sodium is smaller than that of cesium.(iv) The effective nuclear charge for cesium is less tha
Answer Preview: ii The first ionization energy of cesium is less than that of sodium Expla…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 72 >> Potassium and hydrogen react to form the ionic compound potassium hydride.(a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.(b) Use data in Figures 7.10 and 7.12 to determine the energy change in kJ/mol for the following two reactions:Figures 7.12 K(g) + H(g) ? K+(g) + H-(g)K(g) + H(g) ? K-(g) + H+(g)(c) Based on your calculated energy changes in (b), which of these reactions is energetically more f
Answer Preview: a When potassium is heated in the current of hydrogen gas potassium hydride is formed The balanced c…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 45 >> When solutions containing silver ions and chloride ions are mixed, silver chloride precipitates:Ag+(aq)+Cl-(aq)?AgCl(s) ?H = -65.5 kJ(a) Calculate ?H for the production of 0.450 mol of AgCl by this reaction.(b) Calculate ?H for the production of 9.00 g of AgCl.(c) Calculate ?H when 9.25 × 10-4 mol of AgCl dissolves in water.
Answer Preview: a The thermochemical equation provides the stoichmetric conversion factor U…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 11 >> Consider the element silicon, Si.(a) Write its electron configuration.(b) How many valence electrons does a silicon atom have?(c) Which subshells hold the valence electrons?
Answer Preview: a Silicon having a total of 14 electrons would have the configuration 2 2 6 2 2 14 …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 40 >> (a) Consider the AF3 molecules in Exercise 9.27. Which of these will have a nonzero dipole moment?(b) Which of the AF4 molecules in Exercise 9.28 will have a zero dipole moment?
Answer Preview: a Conformations 2 and 3 are not symmetrical The pola…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 34 >> Titanium metal requires a photon with a minimum energy of 6.94 × 10-19 J to emit electrons.(a) What is the minimum frequency of light necessary to emit electrons from titanium via the photoelectric effect?(b) What is the wavelength of this light?(c) Is it possible to eject electrons from titanium metal using visible light?(d) If titanium is irradiated with light of wavelength 233 nm, what is the m
Answer Preview: a 1 0473 10 15 s b 2 66 10 7 m c 0 0…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 5 >> Stars do not all have the same temperature. The color of light emitted by stars is characteristic of the light emitted by hot objects. Telescopic photos of three stars are shown below: (i) the Sun, which is classified as a yellow star, (ii) Rigel, in the constellation Orion, which is classified as a blue-white star, and (iii) Betelgeuse, also in Orion, which is classified as a red star.(a) Place t
Answer Preview: a According to Wiens displacement law Therefore the longer the wavelength the …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 86 >> The following observations are made about two hypothetical elements A and B: The A—A and B—B bond lengths in elemental A and B are 2.36 and 1.94 Å, respectively. A and B react to form the binary compound AB2, which has a linear structure (that is ?B - A - B = 180°). Based on these statements, predict the separation between the two B nuclei in a molecule of AB2.
Answer Preview: Based on the information given the bond length between the two B atoms in AB2 can be calc…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 85 >> The As—As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 Å. The Cl—Cl bond length in Cl2 is 1.99 Å.(a) Based on these data, what is the predicted As—Cl bond length in arsenic trichloride, AsCl3, in which each of the three Cl atoms is bonded to the As atom?(b) What bond length is predicted for AsCl3, using the atomic radii in Figure 7.7?
Answer Preview: a The As x As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2 4…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 3 >> Consider the Mg2+, Cl-, K+, and Se2- ions. The four spheres below represent these four ions, scaled according to ionic size.(a) Without referring to Figure 7.8, match each ion to its appropriate sphere.(b) In terms of size, between which of the spheres would you find the (i) Ca2+ and (ii) S2- ions?
Answer Preview: a Smallest is Mg 2 then K then Cl …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 41 >> Write balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the following reactions, and identify the gas formed in each:(a) Solid cadmium sulfide reacts with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid(b) Solid magnesium carbonate reacts with an aqueous solution of perchloric acid.
Answer Preview: a Balanced molecular equation CdS s H 2 SO 4 aq CdSO 4 aq H …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 61 >> Draw the dominant Lewis structures for these chlorine–oxygen molecules/ions: ClO, ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-. Which of these do not obey the octet rule?
Answer Preview: 1 2 3 4 5 …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 72 >> What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the following quantum numbers?(a) n = 3, ml = -2(b) n = 4, l = 3(c) n = 5, l = 3, ml = 2(d) n = 4, l = 1, ml = 0.
Answer Preview: a n 3 m 2 4 …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 23 >> The ionic substances NaF, CaO, and ScN are isoelectronic (they have the same number of electrons). Examine the lattice energies for these substances in Table 8.2. Make a graph of lattice energy on the vertical axis versus the charge on the cation on the horizontal axis.(a) What is the slope of the line?(b) Make a graph of lattice energy on the vertical axis versus the square of the cation charge o
Answer Preview: a The slope of the line in the graph of lattice energy versus the charge on the cation represents ho…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 89 >> Consider a transition in which the hydrogen atom is excited from n = 1 to n = ?.(a) What is the end result of this transition?(b) What is the wavelength of light that must be absorbed to accomplish this process?(c) What will occur if light with a shorter wavelength than that in part (b) is used to excite the hydrogen atom?(d) How the results of parts (b) and (c) related to the plot shown in Exerci
Answer Preview: a According to Bohrs Postulate change in energy when an electron moves from one energy level to anot…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 113 >> Silicon, the element, is the heart of integrated circuits and computer chips in almost all of our electronic devices. Si has the same structure as diamond; each atom is singly bonded to four neighbors. Unlike diamond, silicon has a tendency to oxidize (to SiO2, another extended solid) if exposed to air.(a) Estimate the enthalpy of reaction for the conversion of 1 cm3 of silicon into SiO2.(b) Unlik
Answer Preview: a The enthalpy of reaction for the conversion of 1 cm3 of sili…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 35 >> (a) Construct a Lewis structure for O2 in which each atom achieves an octet of electrons.(b) How many bonding electrons are in the structure?(c) Would you expect the O—O bond in O2 to be shorter or longer than the O—O bond in compounds that contain an O—O single bond? Explain.
Answer Preview: a In this Lewis structure each O has 2 free electron pairs and a…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 50 >> The electron microscope has been widely used to obtain highly magnified images of biological and other types of materials. When an electron is accelerated through a particular potential field, it attains a speed of 9.47 × 106 m/s. What is the characteristic wavelength of this electron? Is the wavelength comparable to the size of atoms?
Answer Preview: Mass of an electron 9 11 10 31 kg h 6 62…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 11 >> Which data set, of the two graphed here, would you expect to observe from a titration like that shown in Figure 4.18? Transcribed Image Text: Highly colored No color 2 4 6 8. 10 12 mL standard solution Color from indicator
Answer Preview: Green data set because …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 9 >> (a) True or false: An element’s number of valence electrons is the same as its atomic number.(b) How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom possess?(c) An atom has the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2. How many valence electrons does the atom have?
Answer Preview: a This statement is true only for H and He atoms and false for the rest of the periodic table …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 93 >> The air bags that provide protection in automobiles in the event of an accident expand because of a rapid chemical reaction. From the viewpoint of the chemical reactants as the system, what do you expect for the signs of q and w in this process?
Answer Preview: The reaction needs to be spontaneous …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 29 >> Fill in the gaps in the following table, assuming each column represents a neutral atom. Transcribed Image Text: Symbol Protons 25 82 Neutrons 30 64 Electrons 48 86 Mass no. 222 207
Answer Preview: Using Illustration from We determine the components by adding or subt…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 44 >> The hydrogen atom can absorb light of wavelength 1094 nm.(a) In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this absorption found?(b) Determine the initial and final values of n associated with this absorption.
Answer Preview: a 1 nm 10 9 m Wavelength 1094 nm 1094 10 9 m …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 86 >> Judge the following statements as true or false. If you believe a statement to be false, provide a corrected version. (a) Air and water are both elements. (b) All mixtures contain at least one element and one compound. (c) Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances; elements cannot. (d) Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter. (e) When yellow stains in a kitchen
Answer Preview: a Air is mixture of gases and water is compound of 2 hydrogen elements and 1 oxygen element b Mixtur…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 54 >> Consider the data about gold metal in Exercise 5.26(b).Data from Exercise 5.26(b).A 100.0-g bar of gold is heated from 25 °C to 50 °C during which it absorbs 322 J of heat. Assume the volume of the gold bar remains constant. (a) Based on the data, calculate the specific heat of Au(s).(b) Suppose that the same amount of heat is added to two 10.0-g blocks of metal, both initially at the same tempera
Answer Preview: a The mass of gold is m 100 0 g The initial temperature is T initial 25 0 C 25 273 K …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 47 >> What are the molecular and empirical formulas for each of the following compounds? Transcribed Image Text: H H H N=N N-N H. H H H H
Answer Preview: 1 Molecular formula actual number of atoms Empirical formula relative number o…

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 9 >> (a) Evaluate the express ions  2 × 1, 2 × (1 + 3), 2 × (1 + 3 + 5), and 2 × (1 + 3 + 5 + 7).(b) How do the atomic numbers of the noble gases relate to the numbers from part (a)?(c) What topic discussed in Chapter 6 is the source of the number “2” in the expressions in part (a)?
Answer Preview: a Value of each term is 2 1 2 2 1 3 8 2 1 3 5 …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 76 >> Consider the mixture of propane, C3H8, and O2 shown below.(a) Write a balanced equation for the combustion reaction that occurs between propane and oxygen.(b) Which reactant is the limiting reactant?(c) How many molecules of CO2, H2O, C3H8, and O2 will be present if the reaction goes to completion?
Answer Preview: a The given combustion reaction between propane and oxygen CH 3 H 8 g O 2 g CO 2 g H 2 O g Let us ba…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 17 >> Specify what ions are present in solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water:(a) FeCl2(b) HNO3(c) (NH4)2SO4(d) Ca(OH)2.
Answer Preview: a Upon dissociation FeCl 2 will produce Fe 2 and two Cl …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 62 >> (a) Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 12.5 grams of Na2CrO4 in enough water to form exactly 750 mL of solution.(b) How many moles of KBr are present in 150 mL of a 0.112 M solution?(c) How many milliliters of 6.1 M HCl solution are needed to obtain 0.150 mol of HCl?
Answer Preview: a 1 Mass of Na 2 CrO 4 12 5g To calculate molarity of solu…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 20 >> Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when(a) Titanium metal undergoes a combination reaction with O2(g)(b) Silver(I) oxide decomposes into silver metal and oxygen gas when heated(c) Propanol, C3H7OH(l) burns in air(d) Methyl tert-butyl ether, C5H12O(l), burns in air.
Answer Preview: a Starting materials Ti s O 2 g Product combination TiO 2 Balanced …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 23 >> Which of the following pairs of atoms are isotopes of one another?(a) 11B, 11C(b) 55Mn, 54Mn(c)11850 Sn, 12050 Sn
Answer Preview: a Isotopes are same elements with different number of neutron…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 9 >> Are these two compounds isomers? Explain. Transcribed Image Text: CH-CHCI ?H-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH-CH2CI
Answer Preview: The two compound ha…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 110 >> Lead glass contains 18–40% by mass of PbO (instead of CaO in regular glass). Lead glass is still used industrially, but “lead crystal” drinking goblets are no longer considered safe, as the lead may leach out and cause toxic responses in humans. A particular 286-g lead crystal goblet that holds 450 mL of liquid is 27% PbO by mass, and it leaches 3.4 micrograms of lead every time it is filled. How
Answer Preview: In order to calculate the amount of sodium sulfide required to decontaminate all the lead in the ent…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 6 >> The three targets from a rifle range shown on the next page were produced by: (A) The instructor firing a newly acquired target rifle; (B) The instructor firing his personal target rifle; (C) A student who has fired his target rifle only a few times. (a) Comment on the accuracy and precision for each of these three sets of results.
Answer Preview: a Target A is precise since the shots are c…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 12 >> Balance the following equations:(a) Li(s) + N2(g)?Li3N(s)(b) TiCl4(l) + H2O(l)?TiO2(s) + HCl(aq)(c) NH4NO3(s)?N2(g) + O2(g) + H2O(g)(d) AlCl3(s) + Ca3N2(s)?AlN(s) + CaCl2(s)
Answer Preview: a Place a 6 in front of the solid lithium Place a 2 in fro…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 59 >> A certain orbital of the hydrogen atom has n = 4 and l = 2.(a) What are the possible values of ml for this orbital?(b) What are the possible values of ms for the orbital?
Answer Preview: a 2 1 0 1 2 b m s can only have 2 possible values m s the spin quantu…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 70 >> In each of the following pairs, indicate which has the higher concentration of I- ion:(a) 0.10M BaI2 or 0.25M KI solution(b) 100 mL of 0.10M KI solution or 200 mL of 0.040M ZnI2(c) 3.2M HI solution or a solution made by dissolving 145 g of NaI in water to make 150 mL of solution.
Answer Preview: a Bal 2 Ba 2 2I 0 1 M Bal 2 2 0 1M I 0 2MI ions Kl K I 0 1M KI …

, Chapter: 7 -Problem: 97 >> Which of the following chemical equations is connected to the definitions of:(a) The first ionization energy of oxygen.(b) The second ionization energy of oxygen.(c) The electron affinity of oxygen?(i) O(g) + e-?O-(g) (ii) O(g)?O+(g) + e- (iii) O(g) + 2e-?O2-(g) (iv) O(g)?O2+(g) + 2e- (v) O+(g)?O2+(g) + e-.
Answer Preview: a O separates with an electron givin…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 25 >> (a) Calculate the energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation whose frequency is 2.94 × 1014 s-1.(b) Calculate the energy of a photon of radiation whose wavelength is 413 nm. (c) What wavelength of radiation has photons of energy 6.06 × 10-19 J?
Answer Preview: a The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is 2 94 10 14 s 1 The Plancks c…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 14 >> State whether each of the statements below is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.(a) When methanol, CH3OH, is dissolved in water, a conducting solution results.(b) When acetic acid, CH3COOH, dissolves in water, the solution is weakly conducting and acidic in nature.
Answer Preview: a Upon dissolution in water methanol does not form …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 9 >> The molecule shown below is called furan. It is represented in typical shorthand way for organic molecules, with hydrogen atoms not shown.(a) What is the molecular formula for furan?(b) How many valence electrons are there in the molecule?(c) What is the hybridization at each of the carbon atoms?(d) How many electrons are in the p system of the molecule?(e) The C—C—C bond angles in furan are much
Answer Preview: a C 4 H 4 O Using the concept of double bonds and single bonds b 24 Valence electrons Count …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 30 >> Fill in the gaps in the following table, assuming each column represents a neutral atom. Transcribed Image Text: Symbol 112 Cd Protons 38 92 Neutrons 58 49 Electrons 38 36 Mass no. 81 235
Answer Preview: 112Cd 6Sr Protons 48 Neutr…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 66 >> Given the data:N2(g) + O2(g)?2NO(g) ?H = +180.7 kJ2NO(g) + O2(g)?2NO2(g) ?H = -113.1 kJ2N2O(g)?2N2(g) + O2(g) ?H = -163.2 kJUse Hess’s law to calculate ?H for the reactionN2O(g) + NO2(g)?3NO(g)
Answer Preview: 1 N 2 g O 2 g 2NO g H 180 7kJ 2 2NO g O 2 g 2NO 2 g H 113 1kJ 3 2N 2 O g 2N 2 g O 2 g H 163 2kJ We h…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 41 >> The visible emission lines observed by Balmer all involved nf = 2.(a) Which of the following is the best explanation of why the lines with nf = 3 are not observed in the visible portion of the spectrum: (i) Transitions to nf = 3 are not allowed to happen, (ii) transitions to nf = 3 emit photons in the infrared portion of the spectrum, (iii) transitions to nf = 3 emit photons in the ultraviolet por
Answer Preview: a The visible emission lines observed by Balmer all involved n f …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 46 >> Place the following transitions of the hydrogen atom in order from shortest to longest wavelength of the photon emitted: n = 5 to n = 3, n = 4 to n = 2, n = 7 to n = 4, and n = 3 to n = 2.
Answer Preview: 1 2 Transition 1 n 5 to n 3 Transition 2 n …

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 74 >> For each element, indicate the number of valence electrons, core electrons, and unpaired electrons in the ground state:(a) Nitrogen(b) Silicon(c) Chlorine.
Answer Preview: a 1 The core is that ever is in the nubile gas He and that is 2 elect…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 76 >> (a) How many grams of solid silver nitrate would you need to prepare 200.0 mL of a 0.150M AgNO3 solution?(b) An experiment calls for you to use 100 mL of 0.50M HNO3 solution.All you have available is a bottle of 3.6M HNO3.How many milliliters of the 3.6M HNO3 solution and of water do you need to prepare the desired solution?
Answer Preview: a 1 0 150 x 250 x 0375 moles of AgNO 3 Use the molarity equation …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 13 >> State whether each of the statements below is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.(a) Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity because electrons are moving through the solution.(b) If you add a nonelectrolyte to an aqueous solution that already contains an electrolyte, the electrical conductivity will not change.
Answer Preview: a Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity because ions are moving throu…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 45 >> True or false:(a) If a substance is oxidized, it is gaining electrons.(b) If an ion is oxidized, its oxidation number increases.
Answer Preview: a False because hen an atom ion or molecule becomes more positively charg…

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 25 >> Consider the ionic compounds KF, NaCl, NaBr, and LiCl.(a) Use ionic radii (Figure 7.8) to estimate the cation–anion distance for each compound. (b) Based on your answer to part (a), arrange these four compounds in order of decreasing lattice energy.(c) Check your predictions in part (b) with the experimental values of lattice energy from Table 8.2. Are the predictions from ionic radii correct?
Answer Preview: a We get the ionic radius by summing up the radius of cation and the radius of ani…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 68 >> One cup of fresh orange juice contains 124 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, C6H8O6). Given that one cup = 236.6 mL calculate the molarity of vitamin C in organic juice.
Answer Preview: Mass of ascorbic acid C 6 H 8 O 6 124mg 124 10 3 g To calculate molarity of solution we …

, Chapter: 8 -Problem: 21 >> (a) Is lattice energy usually endothermic or exothermic?(b) Write the chemical equation that represents the process of lattice energy for the case of NaCl.(c) Would you expect salts like NaCl, which have singly-charged ions, to have larger or smaller lattice energies compared to salts like CaO which are composed of doubly-charged ions?
Answer Preview: a The lattice energy is usually endothermic as it takes an input of energy to separate h…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 24 >> What are the differences in the compositions of the following pairs of atomic nuclei?(a) 21083 Bi, 21082 Pb(b) 147 N, 157 N(c) 2010Ne, 4018Ar
Answer Preview: a Using the illustration from Bi and Pb are different elements …

, Chapter: 9 -Problem: 8 >> The drawing below shows the overlap of two hybrid orbitals to form a bond in a hydrocarbon. (a) Which of the following types of bonds is being formed: (i) C—C s, (ii) C—C p or (iii) C—H s? (b) Which of the following could be the identity of the hydrocarbon: (i) CH4, (ii) C2H6, (iii) C2H4, or (iv) C2H2? Transcribed Image T
Answer Preview: a Statement ii The p orbitals overlap m…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 109 >> A sample of 7.75 g of Mg(OH)2 is added to 25.0 mL of 0.200 M HNO3.(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.(b) Which is the limiting reactant in the reaction?(c) How many moles of Mg(OH)2, HNO3, and Mg(NO3)2 are present after the reaction is complete?
Answer Preview: a Balanced chemical equation Mg OH 2 aq 2HNO 3 aq Mg NO 3 2 aq 2H 2 O l b 1 Mass of Mg OH 2 7 75 g M…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 2 >> The following diagram shows the combination reaction between hydrogen, H2, and carbon monoxide, CO, to produce methanol, CH3OH (white spheres are H, black spheres are C, red spheres are O). The correct number of CO molecules involved in this reaction is not shown.(a) Determine the number of CO molecules that should be shown in the left (reactants) box.(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the
Answer Preview: a Since there are four molecule of CH …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 75 >> Consider the mixture of ethanol, C2H5OH, and O2 shown in the accompanying diagram.(a) Write a balanced equation for the combustion reaction that occurs between ethanol and oxygen.(b) Which reactant is the limiting reactant?(c) How many molecules of CO2, H2O, C2H5OH, and O2 will be present if the reaction goes to completion?
Answer Preview: a The given combustion reaction between ethanol and oxygen C 2 H 5 OH l O 2 g CO 2 g H 2 O g Let us …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 62 >> Ethyl chloride is sold as a liquid (see photo) under pressure for use as a local skin anesthetic. Ethyl chloride boils at 12 °C at atmospheric pressure. When the liquid is sprayed onto the skin, it boils off, cooling and numbing the skin as it vaporizes. (a) What changes of state are involved in this use of ethyl chloride?(b) What is the boiling point of ethyl chloride in degrees Fahrenheit?(c) Th
Answer Preview: a boiling is the phase change wherein a li…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 79 >> You want to analyze a silver nitrate solution.(a) You could add HCl(aq) to the solution to precipitate out AgCl(s). What volume of a 0.150 M HCl(aq) solution is needed to precipitate the silver ions from 15.0 mL of a 0.200 M AgNO3 solution?(b) You could add solid KCl to the solution to precipitate out AgCl(s). What mass of KCl is needed to precipitate the silver ions from 15.0 mL of 0.200 M AgNO3
Answer Preview: a Use M1V1 M2V2 to get 20 mL of 0 150 M solution of HCl b Fist find moles of AgNO …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 17 >> (a) When the metallic element sodium combines with the nonmetallic element bromine, Br2(l), what is the chemical formula of the product?(b) Is the product a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature?(c) In the balanced chemical equation for this reaction, what is the coefficient in front of the product?
Answer Preview: a The compound would be NaBr sodium bromide This i…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 11 >> Balance the following equations:(a) CO(g) + O2(g)?CO2(g)(b) N2O5(g) + H2O(l)?HNO3(aq)(c) CH4(g) + Cl2(g)?CCl4(l) + HCl(g)(d) Zn(OH)2(s) + HNO3(aq)?Zn(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
Answer Preview: a Place a 2 in front of the carbon monoxide and the …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 3 >> Describe the separation method(s) involved in brewing a cup of coffee.
Answer Preview: The addition of hot water to the coffee grounds results in a …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 52 >> How many of the indicated atoms are represented by each chemical formula:(a) Carbon atoms in C4H8COOCH3(b) Oxygen atoms in Ca(ClO3)2(c) Hydrogen atoms in (NH4)2HPO4?
Answer Preview: a 4 C atoms from C 4 plus 2 more from COO an CH 3 4 2 6 …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 68 >> Which of the following would you characterize as a pure or nearly pure substance?(a) Baking powder(b) Lemon juice(c) Propane gas, used in outdoor gas grills(d) Aluminum foil (e) Ibuprofen(f) Bourbon whiskey(g) Helium gas(h) Clear water pumped from a deep aquifer.
Answer Preview: a Baking soda is considered a mixture It is usually composed of a weak acid carbonate bicarbonate co…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 48 >> Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas.Does this mean that they must be the same compound?
Answer Preview: Two substances with same molecular and e…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 112 >> In what part of the atom does the strong nuclear force operate?
Answer Preview: The Nuclear force is the force between nucleons The nucleons are …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 9 >> (a) What scientific principle or law is used in the process of balancing chemical equations?(b) In balancing equations is it acceptable to change the coefficients, the subscripts in the chemical formula, or both?
Answer Preview: a To balance equations we have to assume that conser…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 12 >> The photo below shows a picture of an agate stone. Jack, who picked up the stone on the Lake Superior shoreline and polished it, insists that agate is a chemical compound. Ellen argues that it cannot be a compound. Discuss the relative merits of their positions.
Answer Preview: Agate stone is a stone as per its name and most sto…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 29 >> (a) The world population is estimated to be approximately 7 billion people. How many moles of people are there?(b) What units are typically used to express formula weight?(c) What units are typically used to express molar mass?
Answer Preview: a 4 214 x 10 33 b Since formula weights are derived from the sum …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 111 >> The average concentration of gold in seawater is 100 fM (femtomolar).Given that the price of gold is $1764.20 per troy ounce (1 troy ounce = 31.103 g), how many liters of seawater would you need to process to collect $5000 worth of gold, assuming your processing technique captures only 50% of the gold present in the samples?
Answer Preview: Given gold collection is 1764 20 per troy ounce 1 troy ounce 31 103 g In a…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 61 >> (a) Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains 0.175 mol ZnCl2 in exactly 150 mL of solution.(b) How many moles of protons are present in 35.0 mL of a 4.50 M solution of nitric acid?(c) How many milliliters of a 6.00 M NaOH solution are needed to provide 0.350 mol of NaOH?
Answer Preview: a M mol V The original Molarity equation M 0 175mol 0 150L Plug in the information …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 83 >> (a) What is a functional group?(b) What functional group characterizes an alcohol?(c) Write a structural formula for 1-pentanol, the alcohol derived from pentane by making a substitution on one of the carbon atoms.
Answer Preview: a Functional groups are standardized groups of atom…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 19 >> The radius of an atom of gold (Au) is about 1.35 A°. (a) Express this distance in nanometers (nm) and in picometers (pm).(b) How many gold atoms would have to be lined up to span 1.0 mm? (c) If the atom is assumed to be a sphere, what is the volume in cm3 of a single Au atom?
Answer Preview: a The radius of the atom of the gold is 1 35 A Let us convert this radius …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 82 >> (a) What is meant by the term isomer?(b) Among the four alkanes, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane, which is capable of existing in isomeric forms?
Answer Preview: a Isomers are compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ in attachment or arrangem…

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 15 >> (a) The electrostatic force (not energy) of attraction between two oppositely charged objects is given by the equation F = k(Q1Q2/d2) where k = 8.99 x 109 N-m2/C2, Q1 and Q2 are the charges of the two objects in Coulombs, and d is the distance separating the two objects in meters. What is the electrostatic force of attraction (in Newtons) between an electron and a proton that are separated by 1.00
Answer Preview: a First we need to convert the distance separating the electron and proton to meters Since 1 …

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 33 >> State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.(a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid.(b) HCl is a weak acid.(c) Methanol is a base.
Answer Preview: a Sulfuric acid having the formula H 2 SO 4 can give up to two H atoms to successively form …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 61 >> Can you use an approach similar to Hess’s law to calculate the change in internal energy, ?E, for an overall reaction by summing the ?E values of individual reactions that add up to give the desired overall reaction?
Answer Preview: The question asks us can we use the Hess law to claculate the change in internal …

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 37 >> (a) Thomson’s cathode–ray tube (Figure 2.4) and the mass spectrometer (Figure 2.11) both involve the use of electric or magnetic fields to deflect charged particles. What are the charged particles involved in each of these experiments?(b) What are the labels on the axes of a mass spectrum?(c) To measure the mass spectrum of an atom, the atom must first lose one or more electrons. Which would you e
Answer Preview: a Electrons are the charged particles involved in the cathode ray tube Cations are the c…

, Chapter: 6 -Problem: 69 >> Two possible electron configurations for an Li atom are shown here. (a) Does either configuration violate the Pauli exclusion principle? (b) Does either configuration violate Hund’s rule? (c) In the absence of an external magnetic field, can we say that one electron configuration has a lower energy than the other? If so, which one has the lowest energy?
Answer Preview: a Does either configuration violate the Pauli exclusion principle Answer No b Does either configurat…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 13 >> Balance the following equations:(a) Al4C3(s) + H2O(l)?Al(OH)3(s) + CH4(g)(b) C5H10O2(l) + O2(g)?CO2(g) + H2O(g)(c) Fe(OH)3(s) + H2SO4(aq)?Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)(d) Mg3N2(s) + H2SO4(aq) ?MgSO4(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)
Answer Preview: a Place a 4 in front of the aluminum hydroxide on the ri…

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 11 >> Is ammonia an organic molecule? Explain.
Answer Preview: Organic compounds necessitate the …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 82 >> In 2005, J. Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, and for establishing experimental proof that it plays a major role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The story began when Warren, a pathologist, noticed that bacilli were associated with the tissues taken from patients suffering from ulcers. Look up the history
Answer Preview: Dr J Robin Warren and Dr Barry Marshal discovered that there is a bacterium present i…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 10 >> In the Millikan oil–drop experiment (see Figure 2.5) the tiny oil drops are observed through the viewing lens as rising, stationary, or falling, as shown here.(a) What causes their rate of fall to vary from their rate in the absence of an electric field?(b) Why do some drops move upward?
Answer Preview: a The rate of falling without the presence of charged plates are determined solely by grav…

, Chapter: 19 -Problem: 111 >> An ice cube with a mass of 20g at -20°C (typical freezer temperature) is dropped into a cup that holds 500 mL of hot water, initially at 83°C. What is the final temperature in the cup? The density of liquid water is 1.00 g/mL; the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.03 J/g-C; the specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.184 J/g-C; the enthalpy of fusion of water is 6.01 kJ/mol.
Answer Preview: The final temperature in the cup is 55 2C Explanation The change in temperature can be calculated us…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 60 >> Your lab partner tells you that he has prepared a solution that contains 1.50 moles of NaOH in 1.50 L of aqueous solution, and therefore that the concentration of NaOH is 1.5 M.(a) Is he correct?(b) If not, what is the correct concentration?
Answer Preview: a Molarity mole solute Volume of solution in …

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 77 >> (a) Determine the number of calcium ions in the chemical formula of the mineral hdystonite, CaxZn(Si2O7).(b) Determine the number of hydroxide ions in the chemical formula of the mineral pyrophyllite, Al2(Si2O5)2(OH)x.
Answer Preview: a In mineral hardystonite the Si 2 O 7 6 linkages are there which is made by Two SiO 4 4 tetrahe…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 14 >> Balance the following equations:(a) Ca3P2(s) + H2O(l)?Ca(OH)2(aq) + PH3(g)(b) Al(OH)3(s) + H2SO4(aq)?Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)(c) AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)?Ag2CO3(s) + NaNO3(aq)(d) C2H5NH2(g) + O2(g)?CO2(g) + H2O(g) + N2(g)
Answer Preview: a b Place a 2 in front of the Aluminum Hydroxide Al OH 3 on the lef…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 22 >> Which of the following reactions in the stratosphere cause an increase in temperature there?(a) O(g) + O2(g) ? O3* (g)(b) O3* (g) + M(g) ? O3(g) + M* (g)(c) O2(g) + h? ? 2O(g)(d) O(g) + N2(g) ? NO(g) + N(g)(e) All of the above
Answer Preview: Option a b Because asterisk in the e…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 11 >> Consider the jar of jelly beans in the photo. To get an estimate of the number of beans in the jar you weigh six beans and obtain masses of 3.15, 3.12, 2.98, 3.14, 3.02, and 3.09 g. Then you weigh the jar with all the beans in it, and obtain a mass of 2082 g. The empty jar has a mass of 653 g. Based on these data estimate the number of beans in the jar. Justify the number of significant figures yo
Answer Preview: 1 3 15 3 12 2 98 3 14 3 02 3 09 6 3 08 Take the average of the weight of Jel…

, Chapter: 15 -Problem: 42 >> (a) If Qc > Kc, how must the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?(b) At the start of a certain reaction, only reactants are present; no products have been formed. What is the value of Qc at this point in the reaction?
Answer Preview: a Since Q c is greater than K c too many products ar…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 4 >> The following diagram represents the collection of CO2 and H2O molecules formed by complete combustion of a hydrocarbon. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?
Answer Preview: 4CO 2 and 5H 2 O molecules are formed from the co…

, Chapter: 20 -Problem: 61 >> (a) In the Nernst equation what is the numerical value of the reaction quotient, Q, under standard conditions?(b) Can the Nernst equation be used at temperatures other than room temperature?
Answer Preview: a The numerical value of the reaction quotient under …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 25 >> What exponential notation do the following abbreviations represent? (a) d(b) c(c) ?(d) M(e) n(f) m(g) p.
Answer Preview: a d d 0 1 Move decimal once 1 0 10 1 b c c 0 01 Move decimal twice 1 0 1…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 4 >> Which arrangement of cations (yellow) and anions (blue) in a lattice is the more stable? Explain your reasoning. Transcribed Image Text: (a) (b)
Answer Preview: Recall that similar charges have strong repulsive tendencies against ea…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 50 >> The distance from Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Detroit is listed in a road atlas as 153 miles. Describe some of the factors that contribute to the uncertainty in this number. To make the number more precise, what would you need to specify and measure?
Answer Preview: Uncertainity means something that is doubtful or unknown There are two types of numbers a Exact Numb…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 67 >> (a) How many grams of ethanol, CH3CH2OH, should youdissolve in water to make 1.00 L of vodka (which is an aqueous solution that is 6.86 M ethanol)?(b) Using the density of ethanol (0.789 g/mL), calculate the volume of ethanol you need to make 1.00 L of vodka.
Answer Preview: a Molarity of ethanol CH 3 CH 2 OH 6 86 M 6 86 mol …

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 49 >> The inside dimension of a box that is cubic is 24.8 cm on each edge with an uncertainty of 0.2 cm. What is the volume of the box? What do you estimate to be the uncertainty in the calculated volume?
Answer Preview: Volume of cubic bo…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 22 >> Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combination, decomposition, or combustion reactions: (a) PbCO3(s)?PbO(s) + CO2(g)(b) C2H4(g) + O2(g)?CO2(g) + H2O(g)(c) Mg(s) + N2(g)?Mg3N2(s)(d) C7H8O2(s) + O2(g)?CO2(g) + H2O(g)(e) Al(s) + Cl2(g)?AlCl3(s)
Answer Preview: a This is the lead composition of lead carbonate b This is t…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 93 >> The nucleus of 6Li is a powerful absorber of neutrons. It exists in the naturally occurring metal to the extent of 7.5%. In the era of nuclear deterrence, large quantities of lithium were processed to remove 6Li for use in hydrogen bomb production. The lithium metal remaining after removal of 6Li was sold on the market.(a) What are the compositions of the nuclei of 6Li and 7Li?(b) The atomic masse
Answer Preview: a Li s atomic number is 3 so all Li atoms have 3 prot…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 18 >> (a) When a compound containing C, H, and O is completely combusted in air, what reactant besides the hydrocarbon is involved in the reaction?(b) What products form in this reaction?(c) What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of acetone, C3H6O(l), in air?
Answer Preview: a For all the combustion reactions O 2 would always be involved as part of the reacta…

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 36 >> Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) If you compare the solubility of a gas in water at two different temperatures, you find the gas is more soluble at the lower temperature. (b) The solubility of most ionic solids in water decreases as the temperature of the solution increases. (c) The solubility of most gases in water decreases as the temperature increases because water is break
Answer Preview: (a) True. Generally, the solubility of a gas in water increases as the temperature decreases. As the …

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 35 >> The samples of nitric and acetic acids shown here are both titrated with a 0.100 M solution of NaOH(aq).Determine whether each of the following statements concerning these titrations is true or false. (a) A larger volume of NaOH(aq) is needed to reach the equivalence point in the titration of HNO3. (b) The pH at the equivalence point in the HNO3 titration will be lower than the pH at the equivalen
Answer Preview: (a) False. A larger volume of NaOH(aq) is needed to reach the equivalence point in the titration of …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 91 >> The “free-base” form of cocaine (C17H21NO4) and its protonated hydrochloride form (C17H22ClNO4) are shown below; the free-base form can be converted to the hydrochloride form with one equivalent of HCl. For clarity, not all the carbon and hydrogen atoms are shown; each vertex represents a carbon atom with the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms so that each carbon makes four bonds to other atoms.
Answer Preview: (a) The free-base form of cocaine is relatively water-soluble. The free-base form of cocaine is relatively water-soluble because it is a basic compoun…

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 73 >> Ephedrine, a central nervous system stimulant, is used in nasal sprays as a decongestant. This compound is a weak organic base: C10H15ON(aq) + H2O(l) ? C10H15ONH+(aq) + OH-(aq)A 0.035 M solution of ephedrine has a pH of 11.33.(a) What are the equilibrium concentrations of C10H15ON, C10H15ONH+, and OH-? (b) Calculate Kb for ephedrine.
Answer Preview: a) To determine the equilibrium concentrations of C10H15ON, C10H15ONH+, and OH-, we can use the equi…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 76 >> (a) The EPA threshold for acceptable levels of lead ions in water is <15 ppb. What is the molarity of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 15 ppb?(b) Concentrations of lead in the bloodstream are often quoted in units of ?g/dL. Averaged over the entire country, the mean concentration of lead in the blood was measured to be 1.6 ?g/dL in 2008. Express this concentration in ppb.
Answer Preview: ( a ) The m olar ity of an a que ous solution with a concentration of 15 pp b is 1 . 5 …

, Chapter: 5 -Problem: 1 >> Two positively charged spheres, each with a charge of 2.0 x 10-5 C, a mass of 1.0 kg, and separated by a distance of 1.0 cm, are held in place on a frictionless track. (a) What is the electrostatic potential energy of this system? (b) If the spheres are released, will they move toward or away from each other? (c) What speed will each sphere attain as the distance between the spheres approaches inf
Answer Preview: The electrostatic potential energy of this system can be calculated using the formula U kQ…

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 15 >> Write out the ground-state electron configurations of(a) Ti3+, (b) Ru2+, (c) Au3+, (d) Mn4+.
Answer Preview: (a)Titanium (Ti 3+ ), Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and …

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 12 >> Which periodic trend is responsible for the observation that the maximum oxidation state of the transition-metal elements peaks near groups 7B and 8B?(a) The number of valence electrons reaches a maximum at group 8B.(b) The effective nuclear charge increases on moving left across each period.(c) The radii of the transition-metal elements reaches a minimum for group 8B and as the size of the atoms
Answer Preview: a This does not account for the preference of transition metals to near group 7B and 8B This sta…

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 77 >> What is the DNA sequence for the molecule shown here? Transcribed Image Text: HO fo H?C 0- -0-- ? H -O-P-O- NH? NH? HO N H NH?
Answer Preview: The DNA sequence for the molecule shown here is 5-AC…

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 70 >> (a) What is the empirical formula of starch?(b) What is the monomer that forms the basis of the starch polymer?(c) What bond connects the monomer units in starch: amide, acid, ether, ester, or alcohol?
Answer Preview: a Starch is a highly branched polysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin which acts as an energy reserve in plant cells Amylose consists of lo…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 34 >> State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.(a) NH3 contains no OH- ions, and yet its aqueous solutions are basic.(b) HF is a strong acid.(c) Although sulfuric acid is a strong electrolyte, an aqueous solution of H2SO4 contains more HSO4- ions than SO42- ions.
Answer Preview: a This basicity lies on the alternate definition of a base which is a H acceptor regardle…

, Chapter: 17 -Problem: 101 >> Salts containing the phosphate ion are added to municipal water supplies to prevent the corrosion of lead pipes. (a) Based on the pKa values for phosphoric acid (pKa1 = 7.5 x 10-3, pKa2 = 6.2 x 10-8, pKa3 = 4.2 x 10-13) what is the Kb value for the PO43- ion?(b) What is the pH of a 1 x 10-3 M solution of Na3PO4 (you can ignore the formation of H2PO4- and H3PO4)?
Answer Preview: a) The Kb value for an ion is related to its pKa value through the relationship: Kb = 10^(-pKa). The …

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 65 >> Indicate whether each statement is true or false.(a) The sequence of amino acids in a protein, from the amine end to the acid end, is called the primary structure of the protein.(b) Alpha helix and beta sheet structures are examples of quaternary protein structure.(c) It is impossible for more than one protein to bind to another and make a higher order structure.
Answer Preview: a Protein structure can be described at several levels of complexity The primary structured the prot…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 58 >> The following reactions (note that the arrows are pointing only one direction) can be used to prepare an activity series for the halogens: Br2(aq) + 2NaI(aq)?2NaBr(aq) + I2(aq) Cl2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq)?2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)(a) Which elemental halogen would you predict is the most stable, upon mixing with other halides?(b) Predict whether a reaction will occur when elemental chlorine and potassium iodide
Answer Preview: a You have the full reaction for each Just like the activity series for metals if a pair of ha…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 8 >> The first stage of treatment at the reverse osmosis plant in Carlsbad, California, is to flow the water through rock, sand, and gravel as shown here. Would this step remove particulate matter? Would this step remove dissolved salts? Transcribed Image Text: Sea water Anthracite Sand Gravel
Answer Preview: Yes , this step would remove partic ulate matter . Th…

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 48 >> Identify each of the following coordination complexes a either diamagnetic or paramagnetic: [Ag(NH3)2]+
Answer Preview: Ag NH 3 2 2 is linea…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 32 >> Without doing any detailed calculations (but using a periodic table to give atomic weights), rank the following samples in order of increasing numbers of atoms: 42 g of NaHCO3, 1.5 mol CO2, 6.0 ×1024 Ne atoms.
Answer Preview: 1 3 times 1 mole of atoms 3 moles of atoms in 42g of NaHCO 3 Since 42g of NaHCO 3 is to 23 …

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 77 >> In 2010, a team of scientists from Russia and the U.S. reported creation of the first atom of element 117, which is not yet named and is denoted [117]. The synthesis involved the collision of a target of 24997Bk with accelerated ions of an isotope which we will denote Q. The product atom, which we will call Z, immediately releases neutrons and forms 294117[117] : 24997Bk + Q ? Z ? 294117[117] + 31
Answer Preview: a According to the reaction given isotope Q collides with a target of 24997Bk to produce a product atom Z which immediately releases neutrons and form…

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 58 >> Is 3-chloro-3-methylhexane chiral?
Answer Preview: The answer is No, 3-chloro-3-methylhexane is not chiral. This is because chiral molecules have an …

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 34 >> When silver nitrate is reacted with the molecular base ortho-phenanthroline, colorless crystals form that contain the transition-metal complex shown below.(a) What is the coordination geometry of silver in this complex?(b) Assuming no oxidation or reduction occurs during the reaction, what is charge of the complex shown here?(c) Do you expect any nitrate ions will be present in the crystal?(d) Wri
Answer Preview: a As exemplified by the wedge bonds the complex would have a tetrahedral geometry so as to …

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 34 >> If Avogadro’s number of pennies is divided equally among the 314 million men, women, and children in the United States, how many dollars would each receive? How does this compare with the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, which was $15.1 trillion in 2011? (The GDP is the total market value of the nation’s goods and services.)
Answer Preview: 1 6 022 x 10 21 US dollars Convert pennies to dollars 6 022 x 10 23 pen…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 23 >> Which of the three-dimensional primitive lattices has a unit cell where none of the internal angles is 90°?(a) Orthorhombic(b) Hexagonal(c) Rhombohedral(d) Triclinic(e) Both rhombohedral and triclinic.
Answer Preview: a Orthorhombic is not a correct option since its internal a…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 35 >> Consider the Earth’s energy balance shown in Figure 18.12.Figure 18.12(a) How many different sources transfer energy to the atmosphere? Which makes the largest contribution? What is the total amount of energy transferred into the atmosphere in W/m2? (b) To maintain a balance the atmosphere must lose an equal amount of energy by emitting radiation, either into space or back toward the surface. What
Answer Preview: a) There are four different sources that transfer energy to the atmosphere: solar radiation, heat from the Earth's surface, heat from atmospheric gas…

, Chapter: 1 -Problem: 39 >> In the year 2013, an estimated amount of 36 billion metric tons (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of carbon dioxide (CO2) was emitted worldwide due to fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Express this mass of CO2 in grams without exponential notation, using an appropriate metric prefix.
Answer Preview: 1 metric ton 1000 kg 1 kg 1000 grams metric ton con…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 10 >> A key step in balancing chemical equations is correctly identifying the formulas of the reactants and products. For example, consider the reaction between calcium oxide, CaO(s), and H2O(l) to form aqueous calcium hydroxide.(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this combination reaction, having correctly identified the product as Ca(OH2)(aq).(b) Is it possible to balance the equation if you in
Answer Preview: a With the starting materials being H 2 O and CaO and the product being Ca OH …

, Chapter: 16 -Problem: 82 >> Pyridinium bromide (C5H5NHBr) is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. A solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. What is the molarity of the solution?
Answer Preview: Pyridinium bromide dissociates to form C 5 H 5 NH and …

, Chapter: 22 -Problem: 15 >> Which of the following statements are true? (a) Both nitrogen and phosphorus can form a pentafluoride compound. (b) Although CO is a well-known compound, SiO does not exist under ordinary conditions. (c) Cl2 is easier to oxidize than I2. (d) At room temperature, the stable form of oxygen is O2, whereas that of sulfur is S8.
Answer Preview: a) Both nitrogen and phosphorus can not form a pentafluoride compound. Nitrogen and phosphorus are both nonmetals and do not generally form covalent c…

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 7 >> Indicate whether each statement is true or false.(a) Butane contains carbons that are sp2 hybridized.(b) Cyclohexane is another name for benzene.(c) The isopropyl group contains three sp3-hybridized carbons.(d) Olefin is another name for alkyne.
Answer Preview: a Essentially the hybridization of the carbon atom is based on the numb…

, Chapter: 3 -Problem: 15 >> Write balanced chemical equations corresponding to each of the following descriptions:(a) Solid calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts with water to form an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide and acetylene gas, C2H2.(b) When solid potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas.(c) Solid zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous
Answer Preview: a b c Equation is alrea…

, Chapter: 12 -Problem: 30 >> For each of these solids, state whether you would expect it to possess metallic properties:(a) TiCl4(b) NiCo alloy(c) W(d) Ge(e) ScN.
Answer Preview: a TiCl 4 is a coordination compound so despite the presence of the metal the bonded Cl atoms prevent …

, Chapter: 13 -Problem: 104 >> Carbon disulfide (CS2) boils at 46.30 °C and has a density of 1.261 g/mL. (a) When 0.250 mol of a non dissociating solute is dissolved in 400.0 mL of CS2, the solution boils at 47.46 °C. What is the molal boiling-point-elevation constant for CS2? (b) When 5.39 g of a non dissociating unknown is dissolved in 50.0 mL of CS2, the solution boils at 47.08 °C. What is the molar mass of the unknown?
Answer Preview: To solve this problem, we can use the formula for the boiling point elevation of a solvent: Tb = Kb …

, Chapter: 24 -Problem: 59 >> (a) Draw the chemical structure of a generic amino acid, using R for the side chain.(b) When amino acids react to form proteins, do they do so via substitution, addition, or condensation reactions?(c) Draw the bond that links amino acids together in proteins. What is this called?
Answer Preview: a Proteins are polymers of amino acids with each amino acid residue joined to its neighbor by a spec…

, Chapter: 4 -Problem: 108 >> A fertilizer railroad car carrying 34,300 gallons of commercial aqueous ammonia (30% ammonia by mass) tips over and spills. The density of the aqueous ammonia solution is 0.88 g/cm3. What mass of citric acid, C(OH)(COOH)(CH2)(COOH)2, (which contains three acidic protons) is required to neutralize the spill? 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
Answer Preview: 1 gallon 3 785 L Volume of aqueous ammonia 34300 gal…

, Chapter: 21 -Problem: 71 >> The table to the right gives the number of protons (p) and neutrons (n) for four isotopes.(a) Write the symbol for each of the isotopes.(b) Which of the isotopes is most likely to be unstable?(c) Which of the isotopes involves a magic number of protons and/or neutrons?(d) Which isotope will yield potassium-39 following positron emission?
Answer Preview: a 1 A Number of protons 19 Z Number of protons neutrons 19 19 38 The element having the atomic nu…

, Chapter: 18 -Problem: 21 >> The wavelength at which the O2 molecule most strongly absorbs light is approximately 145 nm. (a) In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall? (b) Would a photon whose wavelength is 145 nm have enough energy to photodissociate O2 whose bond energy is 495 kJ/mol? Would it have enough energy to photoionize O2?
Answer Preview: ( a ) This light falls in the ultraviolet …

, Chapter: 23 -Problem: 75 >> Carbon monoxide, CO, is an important ligand in coordination chemistry. When CO is reacted with nickel metal the product is [Ni(CO)4], which is a toxic, pale yellow liquid.(a) What is the oxidation number for nickel in this compound?(b) Given that [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic molecule with a tetrahedral geometry, what is the electron configuration of nickel in this compound?(c) Write the name for [Ni(C
Answer Preview: a Oxidation number of Nickel in Ni CO 4 is z…

, Chapter: 2 -Problem: 55 >> Fill in the gaps in the following table: Transcribed Image Text: Sym

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